packet 14 Flashcards
cells use o2and release co2
designed for gas exchange
transport gas in blood
failure= cell death from o2 starvation
respiratory system
Nose Pharynx = throat Larynx = voicebox Trachea = windpipe Bronchi = airways Lungs
respiratory anatomy
upper respiratory tract
above vocal cords
lower respiratory tract
below vocal cords
Skin, nasal bones, & cartilage lined with mucous membrane
Openings called external nares or nostrils
external nasal structure
adipose tissue in external nasal is used for
insillation
Roof is made up of ethmoid and floor is hard palate
Internal nares (choanae) are openings to pharynx
Nasal septum is composed of bone & cartilage
Bony swelling or conchae on lateral walls
nose-internal structure
Olfactory epithelium for sense of smell Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells lines nasal cavity warms air due to high vascularity mucous moistens air & traps dust cilia move mucous towards pharynx Paranasal sinuses open into nasal cavity found in ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal & maxillary lighten skull & resonate voice
function of nasal structures
Muscular tube (5 inch long) hanging from skull
skeletal muscle & mucous membrane
Extends from internal nares to cricoid cartilage
Distinct regions – nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
pharynx
passageway for food and air
resonating chamber for speech production
tonsil (lymphatic tissue) in the walls protects entryway into body
function of pharynx
From choanae to soft palate
openings of auditory (Eustachian) tubes from middle ear cavity
adenoids or pharyngeal tonsil in roof
Passageway for air only
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet
nasopharynx
From soft palate to epiglottis
fauces is opening from mouth into oropharynx
palatine tonsils found in side walls, lingual tonsil in tongue
Common passageway for food & air
stratified squamous epithelium
oropharynx
Extends from epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
Common passageway for food & air & ends as esophagus inferiorly
stratified squamous epithelium
laryngopharynx
cartilages of larynx
thyroid
epiglottis
cricoid
arytenoid
forms Adam’s apple
thyroid
leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage
during swallowing, larynx moves upward
epiglottis bends to cover glottis
epiglottis
ring of cartilage attached to top of trachea
cricoid
sit upon cricoid
many muscles responsible for their movement
partially buried in vocal folds (true vocal cords)
pair of arytenoid
Cartilage & connective tissue tube
Anterior to C4 to C6
Constructed of 3 single & 3 paired cartilages
larynx
False vocal cords (ventricular folds) found above vocal folds (true vocal cords)
True vocal cords attach to arytenoid cartilages
vocal cords
True vocal cord contains both skeletal muscle and an elastic ligament (vocal ligament)
When 10 intrinsic muscles of the larynx contract, move cartilages & stretch vocal cord tight
When air is pushed past tight ligament, sound is produced (the longer & thicker vocal cord in male produces a lower pitch of sound)
The tighter the ligament, the higher the pitch
To increase volume of sound, push air harder
voice production
Size is 5 in long & 1in diameter
Extends from larynx to T5 anterior to the esophagus and then splits into bronchi
trachea
layers of trachea
mucosa
submucosa
hyaline cartilage
adventitia
pseudostratified columnar with cilia & goblet
mucosa
