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Flashcards in Paediatric Deck (37)
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1
Q

Paediatric Advanced Life Support Kit

A

The paramedic may ask you for equipment. Be familiar with the appropriate sized pieces of equipment.

2
Q

BLS ratio for patients aged infant to puberty

A

15:2 @ 100-120

3
Q

children and infants responses to illness

A

Severely unwell children can appear well then suddenly collapse.
More respiratory cause than cardiac in arrests.

4
Q

Paediatric assessment triangle

A

Appearance.
Work of breathing.
Circulation to skin.

5
Q

TICLS

A
Tone.
Inter-activeness.
Consolability.
Look/Gaze.
Speech/Cry.
6
Q

CLITS

A
Consolability.
Look/Gaze.
Interactiveness.
Tone.
Speech/Cry.
7
Q

Work of Breathing - assessment - Effort

A
Respiratory rate.
Recession.
Accessory muscle.
Nasal flare.
Stridor & Wheeze.
Expiratory grunting.
8
Q

Work of breathing - assessment - Efficiency & Effect

A
Chest expansion.
Air entry.
Pulse rate.
Colour.
Mental status.
9
Q

Circulation to skin

A

Colour.
Capillary refill.
Warmth of skin.

10
Q

Respiratory Emergencies

A

Common 30-40% of acute admissions in children.
Potentially life threatening.
Early recognition and treatment saves lives.

11
Q

Respiratory Emergencies - Assessment

A

Effort of breathing.
Efficiency of breathing.
Effects of respiratory inadequacy.

12
Q

Signs of deterioration

A
Increasing recession.
Increasing respiratory rate.
Fatigue.
Altered mental status.
Cyanosis.
13
Q

Upper Airway Emergency causes

A

Croup.
Inhaled foreign body.
Anaphylaxis.
Epiglottitis.

14
Q

Upper Airway Emergencies - Acute upper airway obstructions are:

A

Infections.
Foreign bodies.
Angiodema (swelling i.e lips).
Trauma.

15
Q

Croup - signs and symptoms

A
Common.
Not usually life threatening.
Viral infection.
Age 6months - 9yrs.
Gradual onset.
Harsh stridor.
Barking cough.
No drooling.
Temperature <38.5.
Able to drink.
16
Q

Epiglottitis - signs and symptoms

A
Rare.
Life threatening.
Bacterial infection.
Age 2-6yrs.
Rapid onset.
Soft stridor.
Looks very unwell.
Quiet, sitting up.
Drooling.
Temperature >38.5.
Unable to drink.
17
Q

Upper Airway Emergency - management

A

Maintain the airway.
Minimise time on scene.
Do not agitate the child.

18
Q

Anaphylaxis - signs and symptoms

A

Severe allergic reaction.
Respiratory difficulty.
Hypotension.

19
Q

Anaphylaxis - treatment

A
ABCDE.
IV fluid.
IM adrenaline.
Chlorphenamine.
Hydrocortisone.
20
Q

Acute Asthma - information

A

Still results in death.
Night/early morning presentation.
Precipitated by infection/pollen.
Acute inflammation of the airways - wheeze, mucus, plugging, hypoxia, dehydration.

21
Q

Complication of Acute Asthma can be…

A

A Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

22
Q

Acute Asthma - Indicators of severity

A
Wheeze = poor.
Accessory Muscle = better
SPO2 = poor
Respiratory rate = better
ETCO2 = better
23
Q

Severe Asthma - signs and symptoms

A
Too breathless to feed or talk.
Recession/use of accessory muscles.
RR >50 (2-5yrs).
RR >30 (5-18yrs).
HR >120BPM.
Peak flow < 50% predicted.
24
Q

Life Threatening Asthma - signs and symptoms

A

Agitated/altered level of consciousness.
Poor respiratory effort/exhaustion.
Reduced RR.
SPO2 <33%.

25
Q

Asthma Management

A

Calm.
High flow oxygen.
Nebulisers: salbutamol 2.5mg & ipratropium bromide 0.125-0.25mg.

In hospital:
Steroids.
Magnesium sulphate.
IV salbutamol.
Antibiotics.
26
Q

Bronchiolitis - information

A

50% of infants will suffer form it during first 2 years of life.
Seasonal.
Viral.
Wheeze/cough.
Respiratory distress.
Apnoea (suspension of external breathing).

27
Q

Asthma & Bronchiolitis - treatment

A

Oxygen.
Salbutamol (para)
Ipratropium bromide (para)
Hydrocortisone (para)

28
Q

Pneumonia - signs & symptoms

A
Fever.
Lethargy.
SOB.
Pleuritic chest pain.
Responsible for 150 deaths per annum.
29
Q

Inhaled foreign body - signs & symptoms

A

Inspiratory stridor (creaking or grating noise)/apnoea.
Sudden onset.
History of coughing/gagging.
Unilateral wheezing.

30
Q

Inhaled foreign body - treatment

A
Never perform blind finger sweep.
Back blows.
infants 1yr = 5 x abdominal thrusts.
Check mouth.
Repeat.
Open airway.
5 x ventilations.
BLS.
Laryngoscopy (para)
31
Q

Convulsing child - Simple Febrile

A

<15 mins, do not recur within 24 hrs

32
Q

Convulsing child - Complex Febrile

A

> 15 mins, recurs within 1hr-24hrs

33
Q

Convulsing child - Status Febrile

A

> 30 mins

34
Q

Convulsing child - causes

A

Febrile.
Epilepsy
Other causes.

35
Q

Convulsing child - treatment

A
Protect patient.
ABC.
BM measurement.
Oxygen.
Dextrose 40% gel (para)
IM glucagon (para).
IV glucose (para)
Glucose (para).
Diazepam (para).
36
Q

Poisoning - assessment

A
Intentional by child.
Accidental.
Deliberate by adult.
Admit all overdoses.
Psychiatric involvement.
37
Q

Meningococcal septicaemia

A
Respiratory rate and effort increase.
Heart rate increase.
Capillary refill increase.
Skin cool, mottled.
SpO2 <95%.
Temperature increase.
1 in 10 cases fatal.