Pharm2Anti-Viral/Protozoa

Question 1

inhibit viral neuraminidase and block viral rep?

Answer 1

Oseltamivir- PO & Zanamivir- inhalation
both CI in neonates
zanmivir CI in COPD & asthma

Question 2

inhibits viral mRNA syn/transcription
virazole given by inhalation for serious RSV infix
CI in ?

Answer 2

ribavirin

pregnancy

Question 3

monoclonal ab against RSV- prophy in high risk peds pts for LRT Dz

Answer 3

palivizumab - IM

Question 4

DOC for HSV encephalitis, zoster?

also tx HSV 1,2, labialis, CMV prophy

Answer 4

acyclovir- PO/IV!!

Question 5

ORAL for genital herpes, herpes labialis, zoster

Answer 5

valacyclovir

Question 6

HSV keratitis & keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 6

trifluridine aka virOPTIC

Question 7

topical tx of herpes labialis

Answer 7

penciclovir

Question 8

prodrug of pen; ORALLY for zoster

Answer 8

famciclovir

Question 9

Docosanol?

Answer 9

OTC for herpes labialis

Question 10

TREATS CMV retinitis and CMV prophy

s/e- myelosuppression

Answer 10

ganciclovir

Question 11

IV for CMV retinitis?

Answer 11

cidofovir 
foscarnet (only one not phosphorylated- pyrophosphate derivative)

Question 12

foscarnet s/e?

Answer 12

electrolyte disturbances- hypoCa&K

Question 13

NRTIs MOA similar to ?

• nucleosides phophorylated into ? by ? in the virus and then in the host
• only activated in cells infected with virus
• converted into ? in cells and inhibit ?
• s/e? (3)

Answer 13

acyclovir
nucleotides, protein kinases
triphosphate, RT
myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathies, hepatomegaly w/ steatosis

Question 14

directly & non competitively inhibit RT by disrupting RT catalytic site? (aren’t nucleosides so DONT need to be activated)

Answer 14

NNRTIs

neVIRapine, delaVIRdine, efaVIRenz, etraVIRine

Question 15

w/ fusion inh (enfuviritide- sQ), increased risk of ?

bind to viral envelop glycoprotein and prevent HIV from entering ?

Answer 15

pneumonia

WBCs

Question 16

for Hep B virus?

if resistant?

Answer 16

lamivudine (epivir, epivir-HBV)

adefovir, entacavir

Question 17

NRTI that converts AZT to AZT triphosphate & inhibits DNA syn via inh RT
»>crosses BBB***
»>s/e worst ? of all NRTIs

Answer 17

zidovudine

bone marrow toxicity

Question 18

didanosine & lamivudine s/e?

Answer 18

pancreatitis

Question 19

zidovudine & lamivudine called ?

Answer 19

combivir

Question 20

inhibit cleavage of polypeptide precursors that generate proteins/enzymes- block rep
-commonly used with ?

Answer 20

protease inh

zidovudine, lamivudine

Question 21

interferes w/ parasites microtubule fxn, inhibiting glucose uptake; tx ALL 7 nematodes

Answer 21

albendazole

Question 22

inh depolarization- activation of nicotinic receptors-paralysis; pinworm/roundworm/hookworm

Answer 22

pyrantel pamoate

Question 23

activates GABA receptors (inhibitory)- paralysis
-DOC for ?
also treats? (2)

Answer 23

ivermectin
onchocerciasis
filariasis, head lice (SKLICE)

Question 24

Trematodes & cestodes tx by?

Answer 24

praziquantel

Question 25

treats blood and liver fluke by increasing ca permeability- paralysis of worm

Answer 25

trematodes- praziquantel

Question 26

tx taenia saginata/solium, cysticercosis but ? is DOC and CANT tx ocular bc paralysis of worm in eye may lead to blindness!

Answer 26

cestodes- praziquantel | albendazole

Question 27

mixed amebicide, accepts electrons leading to cytotoxic free radicals -DOC for E histolytica, giardia, bac vaginosis; also tx anaerobic infx i.e. c diff, bacteroides

Answer 27

metronidazole (crosses BBB- meningitis)

Question 28

luminal amebicides? | systemic?

Answer 28

parmomycin, iodoquinol | chloroquine- amebic liver abscess

Question 29

radical cure for milaria, tissue schizonticide that eradicates 1 and 2 EXOerythrocytic form of P vivax and ovale

Answer 29

primaquine; s/e: hemolytic anemia

Question 30

BLOOD schizonticide that only eradicates erythrocytic form; CLINICAL cure (alleviates Sx) -s/e (2)?

Answer 30

chloroquine in combo w/ metro and iodoquinol for prophy/tx of amebic liver abscess visual disturbances, ototoxicity

Question 31

used for chloroquine-resistant malarial strains? | s/e?

Answer 31

quinine | cinchonism

Question 32

blood schizonticide for MDR P. falciparum malaria

Answer 32

mefloquine; s/e- hallucinations

Question 33

blood schizonticide- folate antagonist | P falciparum, P malariae, Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 33

pyrimethamine

Question 34

blood AND tissue schizonticide Atovaquone & Proguanil syn inn of pyrimidine biosynthesis in malaria prophy and tx of MDR strains (chloroquine AND quinine)

Answer 34

MALarone

Question 35

trypanosomiasis- brucei gambiense/rhodiense - only to cross BBB? - tx and prophy; also tx and prophy for PCP? - cytotoxic radicals; only one for Chagas' (cruzi)? - prophy and early tx; also tx onchocerciasis?

Answer 35

melarsoprol- IV pentamidine isethionate- aerosol or IM nifurtimox- PO suramin- IV, a/e: shock

Question 36

sodium stibogluconate for ?

Answer 36

leishmaniasis; s/e: cardiac arrhythmias

Question 37

amebicide that induces cell membrane leakage?

Answer 37

paromomycin

Question 38

s/e of blood schizonticide and sporontocide - megaloblastic anemia - reverse w/ leucovorin ?

Answer 38

pyrimethamine