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Cert. Somm Exam > Portugal/Port/Other Fortified Wines > Flashcards

Portugal/Port/Other Fortified Wines Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the climate in Portugal?

A

Mostly warm to hot

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2
Q

What is the top white/red grapes in Portugal?

A

White: Alvarinho
Red: Touriga Nacional, Baga

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3
Q

What are the top regions/wines for table wines in Portugal?

A

Douro
Dao
Bairrada
Vinho Verde

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4
Q

What are the top fortified and dessert wines in Portugal?

A

Port

Madeira

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5
Q

Describe where Portugal is located.

A

On the western coastline of the Iberian Peninsula, borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, and Spain to the east and north.

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6
Q

What is unique about Portugal?

A

Isolated
Portugese winemakers developed their own methods
Style of wine vary greatly from rest of Europe

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7
Q

What are the wine laws of Portugal called?

A

DOC Denominacao de Origem Controlada

4 quality classifications based on the French AOC system

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8
Q

Denominacao de Origem Controlada

A

Strictest Regulations, Top Quality Classification

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9
Q

Indicacao de Provenicencia Regulamentada

A

Temporary Classification for Higher Quality Regions Seeking DOC Status

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10
Q

Vinho Regional

A

Better Quality Classification with Looser Restrictions “Regional Wines”

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11
Q

Vinho de Mesa

A

Lowest Quality Classification with Loosest Restrictions “table wines”

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12
Q

Vinho tinto

A

Portugal

Red wine

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13
Q

Vinho branco

A

Portugal

White wine

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14
Q

Vino rosado

A

Portugal

Rose wine

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15
Q

Maduro

A

Portugal

Old

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16
Q

Seco

A

Portugal

Dry’

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17
Q

Doce

A

Portugal

Sweet

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18
Q

Colheita

A

Portugal

Vintage

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19
Q

Garrafeira

A

Wine of very high quality, aged for a specified period longer than minimal regional standards
Portugal

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20
Q

Quinta

A

Winery/Estate

Portugal

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21
Q

Describe Touriga Nacional from Portugal

Study These Flashcards
A

Red
Used in blending top-quality Ports
Hearty and rustic
Full-bodied, fruit-rich, tannic wines

22
Q

Describe Baga from Portugal

Study These Flashcards
A

Most widely grown grape
Grown in Bairrada
(AKA Tinto Bairrada)
Biting astringency from high tannins, flavors of clay, dark fruit

23
Q

Describe Alvarinho from Portugal

Study These Flashcards
A

White
Northern Portugal
(Known in Spain as Albarino)
Light Bodied wines, moderate acidity and alcohol (lots of fruit flavors - peaches, citrus, kiwi, melon)

24
Q

What is the terroir of Portugal?

Study These Flashcards
A

Rugged country, Mountainess, with Rivers and Valleys, Generous rainfall, ripening periods are long and hot

25
What are the important DOCs of Portugal?
Douro Dao Bairrada Vinho Verde
26
Describe the Douro
``` DOC Terroir: Douro River from Spain/Steep Slopes Grape: Touriga Nacional Wine: Full Bodied Reds Also covered by Porto DOC - home to Port ```
27
Dao
``` DOC Named for Dao River Terroir: Mountainess Region (protects vineyards from extreme heat/cold) Grapes: Touriga Nacional, several others Trending: smaller, quality wines ```
28
Bairrada
DOC Terroir: Clay (Barros means "clay" - in the name), Atlantic Coastline Grape: Baga Wine: Dry Red, long-aging tannic reds
29
Vinho Verde
DOC Location: Northwestern Translation: "green wine" (should be consumed in youth) Grape: Alvarinho Wine: Crisp whites, slight spritz of carbonation
30
What is the story behind the style of Port wine?
Douro - wine region 1600s - port style produced England at war with France English cut off from their supply of French wine English wanted wine from Douro Whens hipped, didn't survive ocean voyage (Dry wines turned bad, sweet wines refermented) Barrels would explode from pressure High-proof brandy added to stabilize the wines
31
Where is Port produced?
The Douro valley in Portugal
32
What is the climate in Douro?
Warm/hot
33
What are the top red grapes in Douro?
``` Touriga Nacional Touriga Frencesa Tinta Roriz Tinta Barroca Tinto Cao ```
34
What are the two main styles of Port?
Bottle-Aged | Wood-Aged
35
What is Bottle-Aged Port called?
Vintage Port
36
What are the styles of Wood-Aged Port?
Ruby Port Tawny Port Aged Tawny Port Late-bottled vintage (LBV) Port
37
How is Port made?
During fermentation, Port is fortified with high-proof brandy. This spikes the alcohol content up to 20% or higher, killing the yeast and retaining the residual sugar of the grapes.
38
Aguardente
154 proof brandy used in the process of making Port
39
Describe Bottle Aged Ports
Aged 1-2 years in barrels Then aged for decades in bottle (Oxygen slowly mellows and matures) Flavors: deeper red color, and ripe fruit
40
Describe Wood-Aged Ports
Aged in barrels until they are ready for consumption Will appear more amber in color BECAUSE of massive oxidation from barrels Flavors: dried fruit, caramelized sugar
41
Describe Ruby Port
``` most widely produced simple, basic named for color aged 2-3 years ripe berry, jam flavors ```
42
Describe Tawny Port
non-vintage means aged 3 years | caramel flavors
43
Describe Aged tawny Port
aged in barrel long periods labeled by average age of their components do not require additional bottle aging
44
Describe Late-bottled vintage (LBV) Port
Made in good (not great) years Longer barrel aging (4-6 years) do not require additional bottle aging
45
Describe Vintage Port
``` Very best years - a port house might produce a vintage port Best grapes, top vineyards Short barrel aging Wines mature for decades Highest-quality style of Port ```
46
Where is the home of Madeira?
Island of Madeira | 350 miles west of Morocco (N. Africa) , Atlantic Ocean
47
How did Madeira wines become popular?
A stop on shipping routes during the Age of Discovery and colonial era Produced fortified wines routinely purchased by ships Ability to survive rough conditions Especially popular in New England Used to toast the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776
48
What is interesting about Madeira wines that were stored on ships?
Oxidation accelerated when they were stored in casks on ships Darkened and flavored wine Tropical temps (b/c they went past equator) would cook the wine led to a nutty, rich, burnt-caramel flavor would destroy most wines but improved madeira winemakers would pay to have their wines carried on a ship
49
What is the climate of Madeira?
Southern latitude, extremely warm/hot climate
50
What are the top white grapes and also four styles of Madeira?
``` Wine is named after the grape that makes up 85% of the wine: Bual Malvasia Verdelho Sercial ```
51
How is Madeira produced today?
Torturous conditions meant to mimic the ocean voyages 1) Fortified a) During Fermentation (sweet) b) After Fermentation (dry) 2) Casks Stored without temp. control (years/decades) 3) Slowly maderize 4) Can last for months, once opened

Cert. Somm Exam (28 decks)

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