Prokaryotes (part 1)

Question 1

Average size of Prokaryote

Answer 1

0.2 - 1.0 micrometer x 2-8 micrometer

Question 2

Calcifying nanoparticles

Answer 2

Nanobacteria

Question 3

Structures found on meteorite fragment

Answer 3

Nanobes or Nanobacteria

Question 4

Basic shapes of prokaryotes

Answer 4

Coccus
Bacillus
Spiral

Question 5

Round but can be oval, elongated, or flattened on one side

Answer 5

Coccus

Question 6

Example of coccus

Answer 6

Diplococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 7

Rod-shaped

Answer 7

Bacillus

Question 8

Examples of bacillus

Answer 8

Escherichia coli

Bacillus anthracis

Question 9

Have one or more twists

Never straight

Answer 9

Spiral

Question 10

Curved rods

Answer 10

Vibrio

Ex: Vibrio cholerae

Question 11

Thick, helical shape, like a corkscrew, and fairly rigid bodies

Answer 11

Spirillum

Question 12

A thin, flexible spiral

Answer 12

Spirochete
Ex:
Treponema pallidum
Leptospira interrogans

Question 13

Unusual shapes

Answer 13

Fruiting bacteria
Stalked bacteria
Budding bacteria
Filamentous
Wall-less, pleomorphic
Pleomorphic
Fusiform/ spindle-shaped, filamentous
Rosette formation

Question 14

Example of fruiting bacteria

Answer 14

Myxobacter

Question 15

Example of stalked bacteria

Answer 15

Caulobacter

Question 16

Example of budding bacteria

Answer 16

Hyphomicrobium

Question 17

Example of filamentous shaped

Answer 17

Cynobacteria

Actinomycete

Question 18

Example of wall-less, pleomorphic

Answer 18

Mycoplasma

Question 19

Example of pleomorphic

Answer 19

Rhizobium

Question 20

Example of fusiform/spindle-shaped, filamentous

Answer 20

Fusobacterium

Question 21

Example of rosette formation bacteria

Answer 21

Caulobacter

Question 22

Nutritional Types

Answer 22

Photoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph
Chemoheterotroph

Question 23

Energy source is Sunlight

Answer 23

Photoautotroph

Photoheterotroph

Question 24

Carbon source is co2

Answer 24

Photoautotroph

Question 25

Carbon source is organic materials

Answer 25

Photoheterotroph

Question 26

Energy source is inorganic materials | Carbon source is co2

Answer 26

Chemoautotroph

Question 27

Energy and carbon source is organic compounds

Answer 27

Chemoheterotroph

Question 28

Extracellular Stryctures

Answer 28

Glycocalyx Flagella and Archaella Axial Filaments Pili/Fimbriae

Question 29

Meaning sugar coat | Made inside the cell and secreted to the cell surface

Answer 29

Glycocalyx

Question 30

Importance of glycocalyx

Answer 30

``` Protection Enhances virulence of bacteria Important component in biofilms Helps in attachment Source of nutrition during starvation ```

Question 31

Types of Glycocalyx

Answer 31

Capsule Slime Layer Extracellular polymeric substance S Layer

Question 32

Well organized and not easily washed off

Answer 32

Capsule

Question 33

Unorganized, diffused (loose) and easily removed

Answer 33

Slime layer

Question 34

Helps cells in a biofilm attach to their target environment and to each other

Answer 34

Extracellular polymeric substance

Question 35

Example of a biofilm

Answer 35

Dental plaque

Question 36

Proteins or glycoproteins that are regularly structured

Answer 36

S layer

Question 37

Thread-like locomotor appendages

Answer 37

Flagella

Question 38

Parts of Flagella

Answer 38

Filament Basal body Hook

Question 39

Longet portion of flagella

Answer 39

Filament

Question 40

Part of a flagella that is embedded in the cell

Answer 40

Basal body

Question 41

Part of a flagella that is short, curved segment which links the filament to the basal body

Answer 41

Hook

Question 42

Arrangement of bacterial flagella

Answer 42

Peritrichous Monotrichous and Polar Lophotrichous and Polar Amphitrichous and Polar

Question 43

Movement of flagella

Answer 43

Run or swim Tumble Swarm (wavelike)

Question 44

A flagellar protein useful for distinguishing among serovars, or variations within a species, or gram negative bacteria

Answer 44

H antigan

Question 45

Flagellar version in archaea | Have same functions as flagella and pili

Answer 45

Archaealla

Question 46

Glycoproteins in Archaellins

Answer 46

Archaellins

Question 47

Hair-like appendages in many gram negative bacteria Can reach up to 1,000/cell Aid in attachment

Answer 47

Fimbriae

Question 48

Longer than fimbriae and number only one or two per cell Involved in DNA transfer Involved in motility

Answer 48

Pili

Question 49

Protein found in fimbriae and pili

Answer 49

Pilin