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pulm edema Flashcards

1
Q

describe the histo of PE

A

engorged cap/pink acellular material

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2
Q

precision

A

’s should be close together 11.2 11.3 11.4(high precission) if given (4-14)

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3
Q

accuracy

A

close to target value (201 202 203(test 260) low accuracy

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4
Q

what places increase chances of legionella

A

cruise, hotel, hospital , nursing homes

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5
Q

what ion is low in legionella/what cells are high

A

Na+ neutrophils

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6
Q

what causes severe pain in appendecitis

A

pareital(somatic) peritoneum irritation.

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7
Q

what muscles in appendicitis would cause pain in hip extension

A

psoas

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8
Q

what muscles in appendicitis would cause pain in internal hip rotation

A

obturator internus

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9
Q

what does hep c lacks

A

proofreadin 3-5 exonuclease rna polymerase

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10
Q

artery for above dentate H.

A

sup. rectal(branch IMA)

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11
Q

vein for above dentate H

A

sup. rectal–IMV—splenic–portal vein

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12
Q

lymphatic for above dentate H

A

internal iliac

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13
Q

vein for below dentate H

A

inf. rectal-internal pudendal-internal iliac-common iliac-IVC

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14
Q

art for below dentate H

A

inf. rectal-(branch of internal pudendal art

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15
Q

lymphatic for below dentate H

A

superficial inguinal

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16
Q

lopinavir MOA/SE

A

PI/hypergluc, lipidystrophy,P450 inhib

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17
Q

WHat’s effected in HNPCC

A

mismatch repair

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18
Q

what’s systemic mastocytosis

A

prolif of mast cells(H1 release) due to KIT(tyrosine kinase receptor) mutation

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19
Q

MOA buserelin

A

GNRH analog (given for prostate cancer. can cause increase in androgen @ first

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20
Q

benefit/MOA buserelin

A

decrease LH/GnRH agonist(Pulsatile)
Continous=1st GnRH agonist then antagonist.(downregulate GnRH receptor DEcrease FSH, LH.

WORKS LIKE LEUPROLIDE

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21
Q

Bicalutamide MOA

A

androgen receptor inhib (prvnt testo surge

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22
Q

p450 inducers

A

carbamazipine, barbs, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin st. john’s, modafinil, cyclophospamide

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23
Q

p450 inhib

A

amiodarone, cimetidine, fluoro, clari, azoles(fungal) grape fruit, INH, ritonavir

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24
Q

what causes SYstemic edema in burn pts

A

cytokine release IL1, 6

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25
what causes local edema in someone who has a cut on there foot
seperation of endothelial jxn
26
what can cause bilateral hydronephrosis in adult
retroperitoneal fibrosis( due to chronic ergomot use/smoking
27
if nephrolithiasis cause hydronephrosis is it unilateral or bi
unilateral
28
what's a cause of hydronephrosis in kids
uteropelvic obstruction
29
what promotes cellular adhesion after a cut
IL1 TNF-a
30
descibe B. fragilis/causes/trt
cat+ anaerobic gram- rod/abcess(peritonitis. trt;ampicillin/sulbactam
31
what are the labs for PV
decrease EPO, inc plasma volume, RBC mass and NORMAL SaO2
32
symptoms of VIPOMA
watery dia, hypokalemia, achlorhydria
33
carcinod syndrome
watery dia, FLUSHING, increase 5HT
34
RNA polymerase I is exclusively present where
nucleolus (used for transcription)
35
renal biopsy of chronic malignant HTN
hyperplastic hyaline (onion skinning)
36
DM renal biopsy
hyaline(arteriole thickening) but NO ONION SKINNING
37
ALKAPTONURIA is a disorder of what metabolism
tyrosine
38
Homogentisate oxidase(alkaptonuria) mks what?
Maleyacetoacid--fumarate-TCA
39
what tye of capsule does B. anthrax cause
glutamate d. casule
40
what nerve can cause a radial deviation on extension of the wrist
post. interoneous nerve branch of radial nerve purely MOTOR.
41
TRT for tularemia/what caused it
aminoglycoside(GNAT)(30S) gentamycin & streptomycin DOG/LONE STAR TICK or Rabbit
42
what type of hemorhage seen in shaken baby syndrome
subdural(type of intracrainial hemorrhage)
43
what marker is found in serous cystadenocarcinoma/ what type of bodies
CA-125(epithelial origin) Bilateral adnexal mass has PSAMOMMA bodies
44
where does the liver lies
RUQ 5-12th ribs
45
what causes chediak-higashi syndrome
loss of fxn of lysosomal trafficking regulator gene(LYST) defect granules, microtubule, phagosome, lysosome, nrutrophils, monocytes
46
what causes prerenal azotemia
hypovolemia, hypotension, decrease CO, HF, furosemide
47
labs for pre-renal azotemia
>500 <20 Urine Na, <1% FEna, BUN/Cr >20
48
causes of intrinsic renal failure
ATN(ischemic, sepsis, infection) AIN, glomerulonephritis,, vasculitis, malignant HTN, TTP-HUS
49
mechanism of acute graft rejection(kidney)
cellular rejection by host T lymphocytes & humoral rejection by circulating antibodies
50
SS for acute graft rejection in kidneys
increasing creatine lvl w/in days to wks after transplant
51
MOA for bone marrow transplant
donor T cells attack host(graft vs host)
52
SS for graft vs host diz
ab pain, vomit, dia
53
MOA of hyperacute rejection
preformed cytotoxic antibodies against HLA I
54
what would renal biopsy show for hyperacute rejection
necrosis, infarction thrombosis, increase creatine
55
bilateral renal agenesis causes what/due 2 what
oligogenesis/potter(no kidney you can't add to the amniotic fluid)
56
what's IPEX
immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy(x-linked) FOXP3 mutation(transcription for T cells.
57
SS of IPEX
eczema, psoriasis, DM
58
what ligament is effected in uterine prolapse
uterosacral
59
how does limited T-tubules effect contraction
leads to uncoordinated limited contraction of myofibrils= muscle weakness
60
how does a mutation in troponin c effects contraction
it would block intracellular Ca+=no muscle contraction
61
how to calculate false positive when specificity is 90% number of patients 300 and number of positive patients is 100
spec 90%=0.9 total pts=300 positive pts=100 1st) 300-100=200 2nd) 0.9=d/200 hv to X 0.9 on both sides 3rd) 180 4th) 200-180=20
62
what classify brief psych disorder
>1 psych symtom lasting >1 day &<1 month
63
schizohreniform duration
>1 month<6mos
64
What is RT-PCR used to diagnose
mRNA in AML. PCR does DNA
65
MOA LATANAPROST
PGF 2a increase outflow of aqueous humor via uveoscleral ptwy
66
VHL manifestations
cerebellar & retinal hemangioblastoma, pheo, renal cell carcinoma
67
what happens to ATII in ace inhibs
DECREASE
68
moa RIFAXIMIN
decrease intraluminal NH3 production
69
MOA lactulose
increase conversion of NH3 to NH4
70
cutis plastis is part of what syndrome
PATAU. p for plastis

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