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pulm edema Flashcards

1
Q

describe the histo of PE

A

engorged cap/pink acellular material

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2
Q

precision

A

’s should be close together 11.2 11.3 11.4(high precission) if given (4-14)

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3
Q

accuracy

A

close to target value (201 202 203(test 260) low accuracy

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4
Q

what places increase chances of legionella

A

cruise, hotel, hospital , nursing homes

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5
Q

what ion is low in legionella/what cells are high

A

Na+ neutrophils

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6
Q

what causes severe pain in appendecitis

A

pareital(somatic) peritoneum irritation.

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7
Q

what muscles in appendicitis would cause pain in hip extension

A

psoas

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8
Q

what muscles in appendicitis would cause pain in internal hip rotation

A

obturator internus

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9
Q

what does hep c lacks

A

proofreadin 3-5 exonuclease rna polymerase

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10
Q

artery for above dentate H.

A

sup. rectal(branch IMA)

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11
Q

vein for above dentate H

A

sup. rectal–IMV—splenic–portal vein

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12
Q

lymphatic for above dentate H

A

internal iliac

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13
Q

vein for below dentate H

A

inf. rectal-internal pudendal-internal iliac-common iliac-IVC

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14
Q

art for below dentate H

A

inf. rectal-(branch of internal pudendal art

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15
Q

lymphatic for below dentate H

A

superficial inguinal

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16
Q

lopinavir MOA/SE

A

PI/hypergluc, lipidystrophy,P450 inhib

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17
Q

WHat’s effected in HNPCC

A

mismatch repair

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18
Q

what’s systemic mastocytosis

A

prolif of mast cells(H1 release) due to KIT(tyrosine kinase receptor) mutation

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19
Q

MOA buserelin

A

GNRH analog (given for prostate cancer. can cause increase in androgen @ first

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20
Q

benefit/MOA buserelin

A

decrease LH/GnRH agonist(Pulsatile)
Continous=1st GnRH agonist then antagonist.(downregulate GnRH receptor DEcrease FSH, LH.

WORKS LIKE LEUPROLIDE

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21
Q

Bicalutamide MOA

A

androgen receptor inhib (prvnt testo surge

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22
Q

p450 inducers

A

carbamazipine, barbs, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin st. john’s, modafinil, cyclophospamide

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23
Q

p450 inhib

A

amiodarone, cimetidine, fluoro, clari, azoles(fungal) grape fruit, INH, ritonavir

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24
Q

what causes SYstemic edema in burn pts

A

cytokine release IL1, 6

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25
Q

what causes local edema in someone who has a cut on there foot

A

seperation of endothelial jxn

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26
Q

what can cause bilateral hydronephrosis in adult

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis( due to chronic ergomot use/smoking

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27
Q

if nephrolithiasis cause hydronephrosis is it unilateral or bi

A

unilateral

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28
Q

what’s a cause of hydronephrosis in kids

A

uteropelvic obstruction

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29
Q

what promotes cellular adhesion after a cut

A

IL1 TNF-a

30
Q

descibe B. fragilis/causes/trt

A

cat+ anaerobic gram- rod/abcess(peritonitis. trt;ampicillin/sulbactam

31
Q

what are the labs for PV

A

decrease EPO, inc plasma volume, RBC mass and NORMAL SaO2

32
Q

symptoms of VIPOMA

A

watery dia, hypokalemia, achlorhydria

33
Q

carcinod syndrome

A

watery dia, FLUSHING, increase 5HT

34
Q

RNA polymerase I is exclusively present where

A

nucleolus (used for transcription)

35
Q

renal biopsy of chronic malignant HTN

A

hyperplastic hyaline (onion skinning)

36
Q

DM renal biopsy

A

hyaline(arteriole thickening) but NO ONION SKINNING

37
Q

ALKAPTONURIA is a disorder of what metabolism

A

tyrosine

38
Q

Homogentisate oxidase(alkaptonuria) mks what?

A

Maleyacetoacid–fumarate-TCA

39
Q

what tye of capsule does B. anthrax cause

A

glutamate d. casule

40
Q

what nerve can cause a radial deviation on extension of the wrist

A

post. interoneous nerve branch of radial nerve purely MOTOR.

41
Q

TRT for tularemia/what caused it

A

aminoglycoside(GNAT)(30S) gentamycin & streptomycin DOG/LONE STAR TICK or Rabbit

42
Q

what type of hemorhage seen in shaken baby syndrome

A

subdural(type of intracrainial hemorrhage)

43
Q

what marker is found in serous cystadenocarcinoma/ what type of bodies

A

CA-125(epithelial origin) Bilateral adnexal mass has PSAMOMMA bodies

44
Q

where does the liver lies

A

RUQ 5-12th ribs

45
Q

what causes chediak-higashi syndrome

A

loss of fxn of lysosomal trafficking regulator gene(LYST) defect granules, microtubule, phagosome, lysosome, nrutrophils, monocytes

46
Q

what causes prerenal azotemia

A

hypovolemia, hypotension, decrease CO, HF, furosemide

47
Q

labs for pre-renal azotemia

A

> 500 <20 Urine Na, <1% FEna, BUN/Cr >20

48
Q

causes of intrinsic renal failure

A

ATN(ischemic, sepsis, infection) AIN, glomerulonephritis,, vasculitis, malignant HTN, TTP-HUS

49
Q

mechanism of acute graft rejection(kidney)

A

cellular rejection by host T lymphocytes & humoral rejection by circulating antibodies

50
Q

SS for acute graft rejection in kidneys

A

increasing creatine lvl w/in days to wks after transplant

51
Q

MOA for bone marrow transplant

A

donor T cells attack host(graft vs host)

52
Q

SS for graft vs host diz

A

ab pain, vomit, dia

53
Q

MOA of hyperacute rejection

A

preformed cytotoxic antibodies against HLA I

54
Q

what would renal biopsy show for hyperacute rejection

A

necrosis, infarction thrombosis, increase creatine

55
Q

bilateral renal agenesis causes what/due 2 what

A

oligogenesis/potter(no kidney you can’t add to the amniotic fluid)

56
Q

what’s IPEX

A

immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy(x-linked) FOXP3 mutation(transcription for T cells.

57
Q

SS of IPEX

A

eczema, psoriasis, DM

58
Q

what ligament is effected in uterine prolapse

A

uterosacral

59
Q

how does limited T-tubules effect contraction

A

leads to uncoordinated limited contraction of myofibrils= muscle weakness

60
Q

how does a mutation in troponin c effects contraction

A

it would block intracellular Ca+=no muscle contraction

61
Q

how to calculate false positive when specificity is 90% number of patients 300 and number of positive patients is 100

A

spec 90%=0.9
total pts=300
positive pts=100

1st) 300-100=200
2nd) 0.9=d/200 hv to X 0.9 on both sides
3rd) 180
4th) 200-180=20

62
Q

what classify brief psych disorder

A

> 1 psych symtom lasting >1 day &<1 month

63
Q

schizohreniform duration

A

> 1 month<6mos

64
Q

What is RT-PCR used to diagnose

A

mRNA in AML. PCR does DNA

65
Q

MOA LATANAPROST

A

PGF 2a increase outflow of aqueous humor via uveoscleral ptwy

66
Q

VHL manifestations

A

cerebellar & retinal hemangioblastoma, pheo, renal cell carcinoma

67
Q

what happens to ATII in ace inhibs

A

DECREASE

68
Q

moa RIFAXIMIN

A

decrease intraluminal NH3 production

69
Q

MOA lactulose

A

increase conversion of NH3 to NH4

70
Q

cutis plastis is part of what syndrome

A

PATAU. p for plastis

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