RA Exam 1 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
mathematical relationship of the size of the features to each other and or to the head or with the width or length of the face
A
facial proportions
2
Q
length
A
vertical
3
Q
width
A
horizontal
4
Q
the vertical measurement of a part of a feature
A
height
5
Q
The value of study of facial proportions…
A
- Note the similarities in the size of facial features
2. Note the differences in size relationships
6
Q
Everything is guided by
A
proportions
7
Q
Standard or norm which an embalmer can compare the deceased
A
Canon of Beauty
8
Q
Bilateral form of the head and features
A
Most faces don’t match symmetrically, they’re asymmetrical:
Both eyes may not be the same width.
One side of the mouth may be wider than the other.
One side of the nose may be wider than the other.
One cheek may be more prominent than the other.
The ears exhibit the greatest differences in position, form and size.
9
Q
The four surfaces of the face that exhibit a similarity of bilateral curvatures.
A
Forehead / Cheeks / Superior integumentary lip / Chin
10
Q
Horizontally, the face is divided by ____ lines, which create ___ special zones
A
8
6
11
Q
the 1st horizontal division of the face
divide the face into two equal halves by drawing a line at:
A
- Vertex of the cranium (top of the head).
- Line of eye closure
- Base of the chin
12
Q
the 2nd horizontal division of the face
divide the face in three equal parts by drawing lines through:
A
- The normal hairline
- Eyebrow and top of the ear
- Base of the nose and base of ear lobe
- Base of the chin
13
Q
the 3rd horizontal division of the face
divide the area between the base of the nose and the base of the chin into three equal parts by drawing lines through:
A
- Base of the nose
- Line of closure of the lips
- Top of the chin
- Base of the chin
14
Q
Vertical lines are used to determine the width of head features by using _____________as a standard of measurement
A
the width of the eye
15
Q
1st vertical division of the face
A
Extension from the medial corner of each eye to the corner of the wing of the nose.
16
Q
2nd vertical division of the face
A
Extend a line down from the lateral corner of each eye. The line will extend to the sides of the face.
17
Q
3rd vertical division of the face
A
Extend a line down from the middle of the eye. This line will extend to the corner of the mouth
18
Q
Using different facial features as units of measurements for the face
A
PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
19
Q
widest part of the head is measured by the distance between
A
the two parietal eminences
20
Q
The face is ______ long
A
three noses
21
Q
The length of the nose is equal to ?
A
length of the ear
22
Q
The width of the nose at the wings is equal to?
A
the width of the ear
23
Q
The face is ________ from zygomatic arch to zygomatic arch
A
five eyes wide
24
Q
The distance between the eyes is equal to
A
the width of one eye
25
The mouth is _______ wide
two eyes
26
The superior border of the ear is on the same horizontal plane as?
the eyebrows
27
The inferior border of the ear is on the same horizontal plane as
the base of the nose
28
The face is _____ long
three ears
29
“When using the thumb and index finger as a unit of measure, hold the thumb parallel to the index finger. The distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the finger is equal to the following measurements:
The length of the ear
The length of the nose
The normal hairline to the root of the nose
The base of the nose to the bottom of the chin.”
30
Which four measurements are equal?
Ear passage to the tip of the nose
Eyebrow to the base of the chin
Hairline to the base of the nose
Ear passage to ear passage.
31
the height of an average adult
7 ½ to 8 heads tall
32
the most common geometric head shape
Oval
33
The distance from the root of the nose to the base of the wing of the nose is equal to
the length of the first two joints of the index finger
34
The vertical distance from the base of the nose to the line of closure of the lips is equal to
the distance from the tip of the index finger to the first joint
35
The width of the face is equal to
two thirds of the length of the face
36
exhibit the greatest differences in position, form and size.
ears
37
bilateral form is simply
bilateral silhouette
38
exhibit the greatest differences in position, form, and size
ears
39
features enhancing asymmetry
eyelids & eyebrows
ears
cheeks
nose & mouth
40
this view will show size, length, and width of features in the relationship to the face
frontal view
41
this view will show appearance of the lips and fullness of the cheeks
profile view
42
this view will shoe appearance of lips and the fullness of the cheeks
three quarter view
43
what position would you look at a photo to get the same view that an embalmer would use for RA
inverted or upside down position
44
try to secure a photograph for both
wax restorations and everyday cosmetics
45
advantages of a portrait
size is good
46
disadvantages of a portrait
"touch up"
| artistic lighting
47
advantages of snapshot
may reveal imperfections
48
in a portrait or a snapshot you will get which view
frontal
49
reveal asymmetry
inversion
50
surface lying at right angles to the source of illumination which reflects the maximum amount of light. Help to reveal fullness of the chin, upper lip, and nose
Highlight
51
surface which does not lie at right angle to the source of illumination; they are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light
Shadow
52
lighting from above; when there is no special placement
Normal lighting
53
specific guided lighting; this lighting is purposeful
Directional lighting
54
flash photography; very dark with a burst of light from flash
Flat lighting
55
the silhouette of the face from a side view
facial profiles
56
Refers to the difference of paired features; the two sides of a feature or both “halves” of the face. (Difference between the two ears). Glossary definition: lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion
asymmetry
57
relating to, or having two sides (of face or feature).
bilateral
58
a hollow or shallow concave area in a surface
depression
59
a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings.
projection
60
features enhancing asymmetry
1. Eyelids & eyebrows
2. Ears
3. Cheeks
4. Nose & mouth
61
the lips meet at a point ______ the distance from the base of the nose to base of the chin
one third
62
the superior border of the chin is located _____ the distance from the base of the chin to the base of the nose
one third
63
the line of closure of the mouth is located ______ the distance from the base of the nose to the superior border of the chin
one half
64
the superior border of the chin lies ________ the distance from the base of the chin of the line of closure of the mouth
one half
65
the line of closure of the mouth is located _______ the distance from the base of the chin to the base of the nose
two thirds
66
the lower third of the face may be divided into ____ relatively equal divisions
3
67
of the width of the right eye measures one and one half inches, the distance between the eyes will be approximately ____ inches
3
68
if the measurement of one eye was two inches wide, the face at its widest point should measure ______ inches
10
69
the distance from the eyebrow to the base of the nose is approximately equal to the
length of the ear
70
roughly, the length of the ear is equal to the distance from the ________ to the normal hairline
eyebrow
71
the superior border of the ear lies on the same transverse plane as the
eyebrows
72
protrudes
concave
73
recedes
convex
74
profile is composed of a protruding forehead and a receding chin
concave convex
75
most common type of facial profile
convex
76
convex concave profile has _______ chin
protruding
77
when both the forehead and chin protrude, they denote a ________ profile
concave
78
a _______ profile has a receding forehead and a vertical chin
convex vertical
79
most common head shape
oval
80
infantine head shape
round
81
head shape where the forehead, cheeks and jawline are approximately the same width
square
82
least common head shape
triangle
83
head shape where the greatest width is across the cheekbones
diamond
84
the outline or surface form
contour
85
application of a color which is lighter or brighter than the complexion would highlight the complexion; application of a color darker than the complexion color would shadow the complexion
highlighting and shadowing with cosmetics
86
giving or casting of light
illumination
87
a photograph or painting in which the subject has been posed and lighted flatteringly by a professional photographer or artist
professional portrait
88
the side view of the human head
profile
89
- the return of light waves from the surface; the bending or folding back of a part upon itself
reflection
90
from the side view of the head, there are 3 basic forms. What are they?
vertical
convex
concave
91
profile type; the forehead, upper lip and chin project to an imaginary vertical line. (The standard). Not any one feature protrudes or recedes more than the other two
Vertical (balanced/perindicular) profile
92
the most common profile type. The forehead recedes posteriorly from the eyebrows, while the chin recedes form the plane of the upper lip
Convex profile
93
the least common profile type. The forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows, and the chin protrudes beyond the infanite retrousee plane of the upper lip
Concave profile
94
in a profile combination the first term refers to the description of the
forehead
95
in a profile combination the second term refers to the relationship of the
lower lip and chin
96
the so called ideal shape. The cheekbones are wider than the cranium, and the cranium is slightly wider than the lower jaw. The entire face appears to be composed of soft, rounded curves
oval
97
short, with full cheeks and a rounded, fuller jawline and a rounded cranium.
Cranium that exhibits the maximum amount of curvature throughout
(Infantine)
ROUND
98
appears to be short and composed of straight lines. The forehead, jawline, and cheeks are approximately the same width. The hairline is often straight. Exhibits very little curvature
SQUARE
99
appears slightly wider at the jawline than at the cheekbone and forehead. The forehead is the narrowest feature. Eyes are close-set. This is least common head shapes
TRIANGLE
100
Characterized by a jawline that is narrower than the cheekbone or forehead. The forehead is the widest feature of the face. Eyes are wide-set.
INVERTED TRIANGLE
101
Characterized by wide cheekbones and narrow forehead and jawline. The greatest width is across the cheekbone
DIAMOND
102
Long and narrow, the forehead and chin may be rounded or square. The nose usually long.
OBLONG
103
The organ of hearing consisting of the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear
the ear
| pinna
104
these change less in a lifetime than any other facial feature
ears
105
the ear is made of
cartilage
| except the lobe
106
ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE TEMPORAL BONE USED FOR LOCATING THE MODELED EAR:
external auditory meatus
zygomatic arch
mandibular fossa
mastoid process
107
divides length of the ear in half; gives approximation of ear
zygomatic arch
108
hinged portion of mandibular articulation; located behind and below the ear passage; gives us general idea of where ear passage is
mastoid process
109
internal ear bones
| these have no effect on surface form
malleus
incus
stapes
110
hollows or cavities of the ear
```
ear passage
concha
triangular fossa
scapha
intertragic notch
```
111
the orifice that leads into the hearing organ. Is not visible from the frontal view or from the direct profile view
ear passage
112
a hollow or cavities; concave shell of the ear; located behind and above the ear passage; deepest depression of the ear; its vertical dimension can be cut in half or divided into a couple of sections because of the crust (leg) that comes through
concha (shell)
113
a hollow or cavity; second deepest depression of the ear. Bifurcation between the crura of the antihelix
triangular fossa
114
a hollow or cavity; shallowest depression of the ear. Fossa between inner and outer rims of the ear. Sometimes it very tough to find this
scapha
115
opening between tragus and antitragus, “spillway” of the ear
intertragic notch
116
elevations or ridges
1. Helix & crus
2. Antihelix & crura
3. Tragus
4. Antitragus
5. lobe
117
the question mark shaped outer rim of the ear. It begins superior to the lobe and ends by attaching to the cheek. The outer rim of the ear
Helix
118
the origin of the outer rim lying in the concha. The crus is lateral to (lies upon) the zygomatic arch. Can originate in the anterior area of the concha. ????
Crus of the helix
119
the inner rim of the ear, it is wider than the helix
Antihelix
120
the bifurcation of the antihelix referred to as the anterior and superior branches
Crura
121
the depression between the crura and the helix.
Triangular fossa
122
the shallowest depression lying posteriorly between the inner and outer rims
Scapha
123
concave shell of the ear, marks the middle one third (1/3) of the ear, deepest depression of the ear
Concha
124
the small elevation arising from the cheek and protecting the ear passage.
Tragus
125
small eminence obliquely opposite of the tragus. It is located on the superior border of the earlobe
Antitragus
126
the hollow between the tragus and antitragus, anteriorly on the upper border of the lobe
Intertragic notch
127
the fatty inferior one third (1/3) of the ear. Does not have any cartilage.
Its anterior border attaches to the face or cheek
Lobe
128
(Use the anterior margin of the ear as a guide). This line can be somewhat parallel to a line on the boney
profile going from the glabella to the maxilla. From a profile view the line would be parallel to a line
from brow to upper lip
INCLINATION OF THE EAR
