Renal Tubules, drugs

Question 1

Reabsorbs 67% of fluid and electrolytes filtered by glomerulus

Answer 1

Proximal Tubule

Question 2

concentrates urine

Answer 2

collecting duct

Question 3

site of secretion of organic anions and cations

Answer 3

proximal tubule

Question 4

always impermeable to water

Answer 4

thick ascending limb

Question 5

permeable to water only in presence of ADH

Answer 5

late distal tubule, collecting duct

Question 6

Site of Na/K/2CL cotransporter

Answer 6

thick ascending limb

Question 7

site of isotonic fluid reabsorption

Answer 7

proximal tubule

Question 8

site responsible for diluting urine

Answer 8

thick ascending limb

Question 9

site where glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed

Answer 9

proximal tubule

Question 10

water reabsorption in loop of Henle

Answer 10

thin descending limb

Question 11

Mannitol: mechanism

Answer 11

osmotic diuretic

Question 12

Mannitol: location of action

Answer 12

PCT

Question 13

Mannitol: toxicity (2)

Answer 13

pulmonary edema

dehydration

Question 14

Mannitol: uses (3)

Answer 14

Shock, drug overdose, high ocular/cranial pressure

Question 15

Acetazolamide: mechanism

Answer 15

Carbonic anydrase inhibitor; causes NaHCO3 diuresis, reduction in total-body HCO3- stores

Question 16

Acetazolamide: location of action

Answer 16

PCT

Question 17

Acetazolamide: toxicity (4)

Answer 17

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
neuropathy
NH3 toxicity
Sulfa allergy

Question 18

Acetazolamide: uses (4)

Answer 18

Glaucoma
Urinary alkalinization
metabolic alkalosis
altitude sickness

Question 19

Furosemide: mechanism

Answer 19

Inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransporter

Question 20

Furosemide: location

Answer 20

Loop of Henle, thick ascending limb

Question 21

Furosemide: toxicity (6)

Answer 21

Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy (sulfa)
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout

Question 22

Furosemide: uses (3)

Answer 22

Edema
HTN
Hypercalcemia

Question 23

Ethacrynic acid: mechanism

Answer 23

Phenoxyacetic acid derivative, same as furosemide

Question 24

Ethacrynic acid: location

Answer 24

Loop of Henle; thick ascending limb

Question 25

Ethacrynic acid: 6 toxicities

Answer 25

``` Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy (sulfa) Nephritis (interstitial) Gout ```

Question 26

Ethacrynic acid: use

Answer 26

diuresis in sulfa-allergic patients

Question 27

Hydrochlorothiazide: mechanism

Answer 27

Inhibits NaCl reabsorption

Question 28

Hydrochlorothiazide: location

Answer 28

early distal tubule

Question 29

Hydrochlorothiazide: toxicities (7)

Answer 29

``` Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis hyponatremia hyperglycemia hyperlipidemia hyperuricemia hypercalcemia sulfa allergy ```

Question 30

Hydrochlorothiazide: uses (4)

Answer 30

HTN CHF Idiopathic hypercalciuria Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 31

Spironolactone/Eplerenone:mechanism

Answer 31

K sparing diuretic; competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist

Question 32

Spironolactone/Eplerenone: location

Answer 32

cortical collecting tubule

Question 33

Spironolactone/Eplerenone: toxicities (2)

Answer 33

hyperkalemia | endocrine effects

Question 34

Spironolactone/Eplerenone: uses (3)

Answer 34

hyperaldosteronism K depletion CHF

Question 35

Triamterene/Amiloride: mechanism

Answer 35

K sparing diuretic; block Na channels

Question 36

Triamterene/Amiloride: location

Answer 36

CCT

Question 37

Triamterene/Amiloride: toxicity

Answer 37

Hyperkalemia

Question 38

Triamterene/Amiloride: uses (3)

Answer 38

hyperaldosteronism K depletion CHF

Question 39

Captopril/Enalapril/lisinopril: mechanism

Answer 39

ACE inhibitor

Question 40

Captopril/Enalapril/lisinopril uses (3)

Answer 40

HTN CHF Diabetic renal disease

Question 41

Captopril/Enalapril/lisinopril: toxicity (10)

Answer 41

``` Cough Angioedema Proteinuria Taste changes hypOtension Pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage) Rash Increased renin Lower angiotensin II hyperkalemia ```