respiration 3

Question 1

what percent of oxygen is dissolved in the blood

Answer 1

2%(3ml/L;2mmol; 40mg)

Question 2

what O2 in the blood is capable of diffusing

Answer 2

DIssolved O2

Question 3

what is the resting O2 consumption

Answer 3

250ml/min

Question 4

can dissolved O2 alone support basal metabolism

Answer 4

No(only can do 10%)

Question 5

how much O2 is carried by hemoglobin

Answer 5

98% of O2

Question 6

how much hemoglobin is found in the erythrocyte

Answer 6

250-280 million Hb for cell

Question 7

how is hemoglobin designed

Answer 7

as a tettrameric molecule

Question 8

what is hemoglobin made of

Answer 8

4 protein subunits
each with heme goup
+1 iron atom per heme

Question 9

how much O2 can bind to one hemoglobin

Answer 9

4 O2’s

Question 10

what is total O2 in blood a function of

Answer 10

PO2

Hb in blood

Question 11

when is carrying capacity of the blood reached

Answer 11

when maximum HbO2% saturation = % of Hb in HbO2

Question 12

what kind of binding does Hb exhibit to O2

Answer 12

cooperative binding

Question 13

what else can bind to Hb to change its affinity to O2

Answer 13

binding of 2,3 DPG reduced Hb binding to O2

Question 14

what is the plateua region of the Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation cuves

Answer 14

Loading phase

Question 15

what is the steep region of the oxygen hb disociation curve

Answer 15

Unloading phase

Question 16

what is O2 binding to Hb a function of

Answer 16

PO2

Question 17

what is P50 on the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve

Answer 17

when half the Hb is saturated

Question 18

does the amount of dissolved O2 change a lot as Po2 increases

Answer 18

No

Question 19

why is it important to keep a high pool of dissolved O2 in the blood

Answer 19

Supply mitochondrial demand

Question 20

does Po2 increase or decrease as it goes from ambient air to the mitochondira

Answer 20

decreases

Question 21

can O2 bound to Hb diffuse

Answer 21

No, but is relasesd from Hb into the dissolved pool as PO2 falls

Question 22

what does Hb do to help get O2 into blood

Answer 22

maintains Po2 gradient until Hb is saturated

Question 23

what does an increase in Hb affinity for O2 do to the HB-OX binding curve

Answer 23

shifts it to the left

Question 24

what does a decrease in Hb affinity for O2 do to the Hb-ox binding curve

Answer 24

shift curve to the right

Question 25

what factors at the tissue tend to decrease Hb affinity for O2

Answer 25

metabolic activity - increased temp (to right) - increase CO2 (to the right) - increased acidity (to the right) - increase 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

Question 26

what is the Bohr effect

Answer 26

increase in CO2 decreases Hb affinity for O2 when CO2 binds tot he Globin part of Hb (allosteric)

Question 27

where does H bind to in Hb

Answer 27

binds to the globin part of Hb with allosteric affect

Question 28

what does 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate come from

Answer 28

Glycolysis in erythrocytes

Question 29

how does 2,3 DPG work

Answer 29

allosteric modulation

Question 30

does the fetus or adult bind Hb better

Answer 30

fetus

Question 31

why does fetal Hb bind O2 better than adult Hb

Answer 31

because a lower PO2 in the fetus

Question 32

what makes fetal Hb different than adult Hb

Answer 32

subunits of fetal Hb are from different genes than postnatal/adult Hb

Question 33

what are the amounts of Hb and O2 in the blood`

Answer 33

15g Hb and 20ml O2/100ml blood

Question 34

what is anemia

Answer 34

fewer erythrocytes due to blood loss, reduced erythropoiesis, volume overload

Question 35

how does the hematocrit change as Hb get lower per ml

Answer 35

Low hematocrit

Question 36

does less Hb per ml of blood affect PO2, Hb saturation, or total O2 content

Answer 36

does no affect PO2 or Hb saturation | total O2 content though is reduced

Question 37

how much greater does Hb have affinity for Co than O2`

Answer 37

200 times

Question 38

how does .1% CO in air affect arterial PO2 and total O2

Answer 38

no change in PO2 | 50% drop of O2 in blood

Question 39

what does CO do to the HB-O2 dissociation curve

Answer 39

moves it to the left (greater affinity for O2)

Question 40

what are the ways CO2 is transported

Answer 40

dissolved (7%) Bound to Hb (about 23%) as HCO3 (70%)

Question 41

does CO2 or O2 dissolve in plasma more

Answer 41

CO2 more

Question 42

what is CO2 bound to hemoglobin

Answer 42

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 43

does CO2 compete with O2 binding

Answer 43

No, because CO2 binds to globin and O2 binds to heme

Question 44

how does an increase in PCO2 change Hb affinity for CO2

Answer 44

increases affinity

Question 45

what is the haldane effect

Answer 45

decreaseing PO2 increases Hb affinity (why CO2 binds in veins and not in arteries

Question 46

what turns CO2 and H2O into HCO3 (carbonic acid)

Answer 46

carbonic anhydrase

Question 47

where is carbonic anhydrase found

Answer 47

in the erythrocytes (not plasma)

Question 48

how does HCO3 leave the Erythrocyte into the plasma

Answer 48

there is a HCO3/CL transporter in the erythrocyte

Question 49

what does the transformation of CO2-> HCO3 do to the pH of the plasma

Answer 49

acifies the plasma

Question 50

where do H+ bind in the hemeoglobin

Answer 50

binds to histine restidine

Question 51

what does the affinity of H+ to hemoglobin depend on

Answer 51

PO2

Question 52

oxygenated Hb affinity for H+ is high or low and why

Answer 52

high, because need to minimize the effect of HCO3 on pH

Question 53

what buffers the H+ produced by the CA reaction

Answer 53

Hb

Question 54

is there a large difference in pH of arteries and veins

Answer 54

No

Question 55

what happens to H+ in the lungs

Answer 55

released from Hb and the CA reaction is reversed to create CO2

Question 56

what does Hypoventilation do to blood pH

Answer 56

acidosis( increased PCO2-> increased H+)

Question 57

what does hyperventilation do to blood pH

Answer 57

alkalosis ( decreased PCO2-> decreased H+)