the vascular system

Question 1

what is higher pressure, systemic or pulmonary

Answer 1

Systemic is higher pressure

Question 2

how does pressure change as blood moves through the vasculature

Answer 2

decreases in amplitude with distance

Question 3

what is the equation for pulse pressure

Answer 3

Systolic pressure-diastolic pressure

Question 4

what is the maximum aterial pressure the same as in relation to the heart pumping

Answer 4

Systolic pressure

Question 5

what is the minimum arterial pressure the same as in relation to the heart pump

Answer 5

Diastolic pressure

Question 6

what determines pulse pressure

Answer 6

Stroke volume
speed of ejection of stroke volume
arterila compliance

Question 7

what is compliance equation

Answer 7

change in volume/ change in pressure

Question 8

what is the equation for mean arterial pressure

Answer 8

Diastolic pressure+ 1/3(SP-DP)

Question 9

what kind of bump is the heart

Answer 9

intermittent pump

Question 10

what allows for continuous flow

Answer 10

stretching and recoiling of the arterial walls

Question 11

what does MAP mean

Answer 11

Pressure driving blood into the tisssues averaged over the cardiac cycle

Question 12

what determines the relative blood flow to that organ

Answer 12

Arterioles

Question 13

what is the formula for flow

Answer 13

Change in pressure/ resistance

Question 14

what is the formula for flow to an organ

Answer 14

MAP/Resistance of the organ

Question 15

is map different for every organ

Answer 15

No

Question 16

what determines blood flow

Answer 16

MAP

Question 17

what regulates organ blood flow

Answer 17

Resistance in the arterioles

Question 18

what are the local control mechansisms for the intrinsic tone of the arterioles

Answer 18

Active hyperemia

Flow autoregulation

Question 19

what causes active hypermia in the arterioles

Answer 19

metabolites

Accumulation of CO2, H+, K+, eicosanoids, adenosine, bradykinin, NO

Question 20

what does active hyperemia do

Answer 20

Increase blood flow in places with lots of metabolites

Question 21

what parts of the body do active hyperemia

Answer 21

Skeltal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Brain
GI after eating

Question 22

what is the myogenic response of flow autoregulation

Answer 22

decreased blood flow leads to a decrease in arterial pressure
- dilation to incrase blood flow

Question 23

what does the myogenic response respond to

Answer 23

a change in MAP

Question 24

what has more power, myogenic or active hyperemia

Answer 24

Myogenic overrides

Question 25

what organs do myogenic control

Answer 25

All organs

Question 26

what is reactive hyperemia

Answer 26

response to cessation of blood flow

Question 27

where does extrinic control of the arterioles come from

Answer 27

Sympathetic system Parasympa Noncholinergic, nonadrenergic automnomic neurons (release NO - enteric and penile) hormones

Question 28

what organ's vasculature are not under extrinsic control

Answer 28

brain | heart

Question 29

what receptor cause vascocontriction of arterioles

Answer 29

Alpha adrenergic

Question 30

what receptors cause vasodilation of arterioles

Answer 30

Beta 2 adrenergic

Question 31

how does sympa system affect arterioles

Answer 31

Release norepinephrine to bind to alpha adrenergic recetpros to lead to constriction

Question 32

how does the adrenal medulla affect the arterioles

Answer 32

release epinephrin inot blood to bind to alpha adrenergic to do constriction and beta to do vasodilation

Question 33

what are the hormones that can act of arterioles

Answer 33

``` Epinephrine Norepinephrine Angiotension II Vasopressin Atrial natriuretic peptide ```

Question 34

what are the endothelial controls of the arterioles

Answer 34

Paracrine effects | Flow induced arterial vasodilation

Question 35

what are the vasodilators

Answer 35

Endothelium derived relaxing factor =NO | Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Question 36

what are the vasoconstrictors

Answer 36

Endothelin-1

Question 37

what is the neuronal control of arteriolar radius

Answer 37

Only sympathetic nerves

Question 38

does only one signal control contraction/relazation of vasculature

Answer 38

no, many signals

Question 39

how is the kidney's vessels controled

Answer 39

Autoregulation via myogenic

Question 40

what regulates skin blood flow

Answer 40

Sympathetic to aid in heat loss

Question 41

when fluid is moved from the plasma to the ISF

Answer 41

Filtration

Question 42

when fluid is moved from the ISF to plasma

Answer 42

Absorption

Question 43

how thick is a capillary

Answer 43

Single endothelial cell in thickness

Question 44

what determines capillary blood flow

Answer 44

No S. mucle in capillary so upstream arteriole and precapillary sphincters control flow

Question 45

do smaller tubes have faster or slower velocity`

Answer 45

Slower

Question 46

what is the main protein that forces water to come back into the blood

Answer 46

Alblumin

Question 47

what is good to allow blood to go slow in the capillaries

Answer 47

Allows for better diffusion of wastes and O2/glucosa

Question 48

what is the net filtration pressure

Answer 48

Capillary hydrostatic pressure - interstiation hydrostatic pressure + Osmotic foce due to plasma protein concentration - osmotic force due to interstitatial fluid protein concetration

Question 49

how much blood is in the veins at rest

Answer 49

60%

Question 50

what allows the veins to hold lots of blood

Answer 50

Veins are very compliant

Question 51

what aids in venous flow

Answer 51

Skeletal muscle pump | vavles

Question 52

what does venous return affect and the ultimate effect

Answer 52

End-diastolic volume = increase stroke volume == cardiac output