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speech disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what does language include

A 
what words mean
How to make new words (friend-ly)
Put words to make sentences
word combos for the best situations
both verbal and nonverbal
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2
Q

language vs speech

A

Language: set of rules
Speech: spoken language

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3
Q

how many muscles are in speech

A

100 orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and respiratory muscles

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4
Q

what is needed for articulation

A

Adjust shape and degree of constriction of mouth, pharynx and nasal cavities as sound and air rpessure pass through

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5
Q

what is articualtion

A

speech sound production

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6
Q

what are speech sound disorders

A

Developmental, phonological compensatory , and placement/phonetic articlation disorders

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7
Q

what are the common articulation errors

A

Substitutions
Omissions
Distortions
Obligatory vs active

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8
Q

what are phonemes

A

Speech sounds

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9
Q

what is involved in the place, manner. and voicing of phonemes

A
  • Bilabials, Lingual-alveolar, velars
  • stops, fricatives, sibilants, affricates
  • oral vs nasal consonants
  • liquids and glides
  • voices vs voiceless sounds
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10
Q

what does a speech language pathologist do

A

Provides treatment of SSD by improving articulation of individual sounds or reduce erros in production of sounds

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11
Q

what is articualtion treatment do for SSD

A

Demonstrating how to produce a sound correctly
learning to recognize which sounds are correct or incorrect
practicing sounds in different words

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12
Q

what is Phonological process treatment do for SSD

A

teaching rules of speech to individuals to help them say worlds correctly

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13
Q

what does treatment of SSD emphasize

A

auditory discrimination traninng

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14
Q

does oral-motor therapy work for speech

A

not evidence backed

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15
Q

what is phonation

A

Sound waves created by vibration of vocal folds

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16
Q

what causes movment of the vocal folds

A

airflow from lungs and laryngeal muscle contraction

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17
Q

how does phonation occur

A

Vocal folds adduct
subglottal pressure builds and air flow forces folds apart
vibration begins
ends when breath or abduction occurs

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18
Q

how do kids and adults feel about voice disorders

A

negative attention and limited participation in activity

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19
Q

incidence rate of pediattric voice disorders

A

6-23%

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20
Q

what are pediattric voice disorders broadly defined as

A

Dysphonia

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21
Q

what are the common pediatric vocal pathologies

A 
Infectious
Anatomic
Ongenital 
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Neuroogic
Iatrogenic
 -  vocal nodules
 - vocal cord cysts
 - vocal cord paralysis
 - laryngeal webs
 - paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction
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22
Q

what is one fo the most common cuases of pediatric dysphonia

A

Vocal nodules (38-78% of pediatric dysphonia)

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23
Q

what are the symptoms of vocal nodules

A 
Hoarseness
breathiness
rough and scratchy voice
harshness
Decreased pitch range
throat/ear/neck pain
losing voice
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24
Q

treatment for vocal nodules

A

Behavioral voice treatment (voice therapy)

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25
how to treat vocal fold cysts
Surgical removal | voice therapy
26
how to treat a laryngeal web
Surgical resection (multiple)
27
what does voice therapy include
vocal hygein Worksheets reducing abusive behavor (yelling)
28
what makes voice therapy hard for kids
Need to self monitor | - harder with behavior, congitive, and attention limitations
29
what are the types of Motor speech disorders
Dysarthria | Childhood apraxia of speech
30
what is Dysarthria
Neurologic speach disorders resulting from abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movement
31
when does Dysarthria in children show
- Usually before able to speak if Congenital - Acquired showed significat variation depending on age of onset - usually after the acquisition of some speech language skills
32
why is Pediatric Dysarthria hard to diagnose
due to emerging language
33
characteristics of Dysarthria
``` difficult with spech and accuracy of artiulatory movements reduced loudness dysphonia hypernasality abnormal rate abnormal breaths bad feeding/swallowing problems, drools ```
34
symptoms of Athetoid (dyskinetic) Cerebral palsy from Dysarthria
slow rate, dyshythmia with in appropriate voice stages and reduced stress - more atric errors
35
symptoms of Spactic Cerebral palsy from dysarthria
``` breathy voice monopitch monoloudness hypernaslity voice changes throughout utterence bettter speech intelligbility with fewer artic erros ```
36
how does Dysarthria in children with cerebral palsy manifest
involve all speech subsystems | decreased vowel space and reduced word intelligibility
37
what is childhood apraxia of speech
A neurological childhood speech sound disorder | - precisision and consistency of speech movements impaired in absence of neuromuscular deficity
38
what causes childhood apraxia of speech
known neuro impairment in association with complex neurobehavioral disorders of known and unknown origin or idopathathic
39
what does childhood apraxia of speech lead to
errors in speech sound production and prosody
40
what is the perceived quality of sound
Resonance
41
what generates resonance
vocal folds as vibrates through pharyngeal, oral ,and nasal cavities
42
what determines the degree of perceived nasality in speech
Balance of oral and nasal sound energy
43
what influences resonance
size/shape of oral caivty, nasal cavity, pharynx and tisues | - velopharyngeal closure
44
what is hypernasality usualy associated with
velopharyngeal insuffiency
45
what are the signs of hypernasality
perception of excessive nasality during vosels, glides (w and Y) and liquids (L, R)
46
what causes hyponasality
``` Nasal obstruction midface hypoplasia septal deviation choanal atresia adenoid hypertrophy ```
47
what are the signs of ypnasality
percetpion of denaslity/too little resonance during vowel and nasal consonants
48
what is a nasometer
acoustic objective instrument to measure oral and nasal sound energy
49
what does the velopharyngeal mechanism
Alters the general shape and resonant characteristic of vocal tracts - connects/disconnects oral and nasal cavities - speech - nonspeech
50
how does the velopharyngeal work in normal speakers
moves up and back | lateral pharyngeal walls move medially
51
when does VP closure occur
swallowing and speech \
52
what controls the variation of Celopharyngeal closure depend
Specific demands of speech sounds and coarticulation | - oral vs nasal consonants
53
who inherently has disrupted VP colute
celf palate
54
can VP closure conclusions be made off nonspeach activites
No
55
where does the levator veli palatini originate
petrous temporal bone and eustacian tube
56
what forms the muscular sling
Levator veli palatini with palatal aponeurosis and other muscles
57
what is the importance of levator veli palatini
provide adequate veolpharyngeal closure for speech
58
what is done in nasopharyngoscopy
A small fiber optic is inserted into childs nares and advanced to see the celopharyngeal port durinspecific speech tasks
59
what are the instruments used to look at velopharyngeal closure
Nasopharyngoscopy | Videofluoroscopy
60
what is videofluoroscopy
uses Radiation to look at how the VP closes
61
what are the types of velopharyngeal inadequacy
Velopharyngeal insufficiency Velopharyngeal mislearn Velopharyngeal incompetency
62
is a VP insufficiency related to cleft palate
No
63
what are the causes of a VP insufficiency
``` Short Soft palate Post adenoidectomy Palatopharyngeal dysproportion 22q11.2 deletion syndrome Palatal resection due to cancer trauams ```
64
signs of submucous cleft palate
Bifid uvula Midline division or diastasis of musculature of soft palate notch in posterio hard palate
65
what are the types of VP incompetency
Dysarthria | Apraxia
66
what causes Congenital dysarthria
Cerebral palsy | Myotonic dystrophy
67
what causes acquired Dysarthria
TBI CVA Degenerative neuromuscular disease
68
what are the types of VP incompenecy from Apraxia
Childhood | Acquired
69
what is the articular profile of Cleft palate/VPD
``` reduced speech sounds Articulation erros Audible nasal air emission weak oral pressure Hypernasality ```
70
how does one often compensate for cleft palatate or VPI
glottal stops | Nasal fricative
71
what are clottal stops
adducting vocal folds abruptly to release a stop like consonant at the level of the larynx
72
what is a nasal fricative
substitution of nasal airflow for oral airflow on fricative sounds
73
can speach therapy treat hypernasality
No, need surgery or prosthetic
74
standard age of treatment for VPD
4 years old
75
what sounds tend to get fucked from dental occulusion
S, Z, then SH, CH, J
76
what does an anterior cross bite do to sounds
distort S, Z, SH, CH, J | reversed F and V
77
what does Overjet do to sounds
P,B,M like a F or V sound
78
what does excessive spacing do to sounds
Distort S an Z
79
when should you do dental therapy for speech problems
in schoolage children
80
what tends to happen to oclusion of a cleft patient
``` maxillary transverse collapse and crossbite on side of the cleft Class III common (class II more common` in COP ```
81
what is the orthognathic surgery
treat skeltal malocclusion and reverese overjet and improve facial form and function
82
what should be done if you need more than 1cm of advancement of the maxillary
Distraction osteogenesis (less use Leforte advancement
83
what is speach therapy not effective for
Hypernasality of VPD
84
why use a speach bulb
palate too short
85
why do a palatal lift
Soft palate sufficient in length, but lacks adequate movement

physiology (32 decks)

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