Respiratory Emergencies - Emergency Care & Treatment

Question 1

Administration of oxygen in patients with long-standing COPD and probable CO2 retention

Answer 1

Start with low flow oxygen (2 L/min) and adjust to 3 and the 4, and so on until symptoms have improved

Question 2

___ will help you understand the degree of oxygen deprivation and adjust the oxygen therapy accordingly

Answer 2

Pulse oximetry

Question 3

Typically a person in respiratory distress will receive ___

Answer 3

High flow oxygen (15 L/min)

Question 4

Most common medications used for shortness of breath

Answer 4

Inhaled beta agonists administered via an MDI

Question 5

Action of most respiratory inhalation medications

Answer 5

Relax the muscles that surround the air passages in the lungs, leading to dilation of the airways and easier movement of air

Question 6

Common side effects of inhalers

Answer 6

1. Increased pulse rate
2. Nervousness
3. Muscle tremors
4. Often coughing afterwards as the airways are opened and secretions start to loosen and clear

Question 7

Action of albuterol

Answer 7

Dilates bronchioles

Question 8

Action of beclomethasone

Answer 8

Anti-inflammatory, reduces swelling

Question 9

Action of cromolyn

Answer 9

Decreases release of histamines

Question 10

Action of fluticasone

Answer 10

Anti-inflammatory, reduces swelling

Question 11

Action of fluticasone, salmeterol

Answer 11

Decreases secretions

Question 12

Action of ipratropium bromide

Answer 12

Dilates bronchioles

Question 13

Action of levalbuterol

Answer 13

Dilates bronchioles

Question 14

Action of metaproterenol sulfate

Answer 14

Dilates bronchioles

Question 15

Action of montelukast

Answer 15

Anti-inflammatory, reduces swelling

Question 16

Action of salmeterol

Answer 16

Dilates bronchioles

Question 17

Oxygen flow for administering a small-volume nebulizer

Answer 17

6 L/min

Question 18

Optimal volume of fluid for a small-volume nebulizer

Answer 18

About 3 mL

Question 19

Treatment for an upper airway infection and dyspnea

Answer 19

Administer humidified oxygen, transport promptly in the position of comfort

Question 20

Treatment for dyspnea due to acute pulmonary edema for a conscious patient

Answer 20

Administer 100% oxygen, transport in position of comfort

Question 21

CPAP can be used for patients who have ___

Answer 21

Moderate to severe respiratory distress from an underlying disease, such as pulmonary edema or obstructive pulmonary disease, are alert and able to follow commands, have tachypnea, or have a pulse oximetry reading of less than 90%

Question 22

Why is low BP a contraindication for the CPAP?

Answer 22

The increased pressure in the chest decreases blood flow return to the heart

Question 23

If you apply a CPAP for acute pulmonary edema ___

Answer 23

Call for ALS support or provide prompt transport to the ED

Question 24

Contraindications for CPAP

Answer 24

1. Low BP
2. Respiratory arrest
3. Pneumothorax
4. Chest trauma
5. Tracheostomy
6. Decreased LOC
7. Inability to follow commands
8. Active gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 25

A prolonged asthma attack that is unrelieved may progress into a condition known as ___

Answer 25

Status asthmaticus

Question 26

How to treat status asthmaticus?

Answer 26

Give oxygen and transport to the ED

Question 27

How to remove a stinger

Answer 27

Scrape it off

Question 28

Geriatric patients with asthma tend to have both ___

Answer 28

Inspiratory and expiratory wheezes

Question 29

A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system

Answer 29

Cystic fibrosis

Question 30

CF

Answer 30

Cystic fibrosis

Question 31

Disrupts the normal function of cells that make up the sweat glands in the skin and that also line the lungs and the digestive and reproductive systems

Answer 31

CF

Question 32

CF predisposes the child to ___

Answer 32

Repeated lung infections

Question 33

The disease process in CF disrupts ___

Answer 33

The essential balance of salt and water necessary to maintain a normal coating of fluid and mucus inside the lungs and other organs

Question 34

The end result of CF

Answer 34

The mucus inside the lungs becomes thick, sticky, and hard to move. The mucus holds germs, causing the lungs to become infected

Question 35

CF often causes death in childhood because ___

Answer 35

Chronic pneumonia secondary to the mucus, also causes malabsorption of nutrients in the intestines

Question 36

Adults with CF are predisposed to ___

Answer 36

Arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes, and liver problems