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Emergency Medical Technician > Principles of Pharmacology - Basics & Forms > Flashcards

Principles of Pharmacology - Basics & Forms Flashcards

1
Q

The science of drugs, including their ingredients, preparation, uses, and actions on the body

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain

A

Medication

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3
Q

The process by which a medication works on the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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4
Q

Sites on cells where medications or chemicals produced in the body can bind and produce an effect

A

Receptors

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5
Q

When medications are given, they bind to receptors to ___

A

Produce an effect or block the receptors to prevent other chemicals or medications from binding

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6
Q

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors

A

Agonist

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7
Q

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications or chemicals from attaching

A

Antagonist or blocker

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8
Q

Medication that targets bacteria

A

Antibiotic

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9
Q

Medication that targets fungi

A

Antifungal

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10
Q

The amount of medication that is given

A

Dose

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11
Q

The dose often depends on ___

A

The patient’s weight and age, as well as desired action of medication

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12
Q

The intended therapeutic effect that a medication is expected to have on the body

A

Action

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13
Q

The therapeutic effect is also called ___

A

The desired or intended effect

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14
Q

Doses may need to be decreased for older adults because they ___

A

Cannot process medications as efficiently as younger people

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15
Q

Actions of the body upon the medication

A

Pharmacokinetics

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16
Q

Pharmacokinetic properties for a medication include ___

A
  1. Onset of action
  2. Duration
  3. Elimination
  4. Peak
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17
Q

Many medications are transformed by ___ and/or eliminated by ___

A
  1. The liver
  2. The kidneys
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18
Q

EMTs should understand both the ___ of a medications when assessing a patient’s response to a medication, monitoring for adverse effects, or considering the administration of repeat doses

A

Pharmacodynamics and the pharmacokinetics

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19
Q

The reasons or conditions for which a particular medication is given

A

Indications

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20
Q

Two sets of factors that will determine how quickly a medication will begin to work, when its effects will peak, how ling it will last, and when additional doses would be safe to administer

A
  1. Pharmacodynamics
  2. Pharmacokinetics
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21
Q

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm a patient

A

Contraindications

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22
Q

Two types of contraindications

A
  1. Absolute
  2. Relative
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23
Q

Any actions of a medication other than the desired ones

A

Adverse effects

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24
Q

Two types of adverse effects

A
  1. Unintended effects
  2. Untoward effects
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25
Effects that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient
Unintended effects
26
Effects that can be harmful to the patient
Untoward effects
27
Two names of medications
1. Generic name 2. Trade name
28
Simple, clear, non-proprietary name
Generic name
29
The generic name is not ___
Capitalized
30
All medications that are licensed for use in the US are listed by their generic names in the ___
United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary (USP-NF)
31
The generic name is approved by the ___
FDA
32
Gives the FDA the authority to enforce drug safety standards
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
33
The brand name that a manufacturer give to a medication
Trade name
34
Medications distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician's order
Prescription medications
35
Medications that may be purchased directly without a prescription
OTC medications
36
Two categories of routes for medication administration
1. Enteral 2. Parenteral
37
Enter the body through the digestive system
Enteral medications
38
Enteral medications tend to absorb ___
Slowly
39
Fever-reducing medications
Antipyretics
40
Enter the body by a route other than the digestive system, the skin, or the mucous membranes
Parenteral medications
41
Parenteral medications are generally administered using ___
Syringes
42
Regardless of the route of administration, the end goal is to get the medication into the ___
Bloodstream
43
The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream
Absorption
44
Enteral routes of administration
1. Sublingual (SL) 2. Per rectum (PR) 3. By mouth (PO)
45
Parenteral routes of administration
1. Intravenous (IV) 2. Intraosseous (IO) 3. Inhalation 4. Intranasal (IN) 5. Intramuscular (IM) 6. Subcutaneous 7. Transcutaneous
46
Rate of absorption for sublingual administration
Rapid
47
Rate of absorption for per rectum administration
Rapid
48
Rate of absorption for by mouth administration
Slow
49
Rate of absorption for intravenous administration
Immediate
50
Rate of absorption for intraosseous administration
Immediate
51
Rate of absorption for inhalation administration
Rapid
52
Rate of absorption for intranasal administration
Rapid
53
Rate of absorption for intramuscular administration
Moderate
54
Rate of absorption for subcutaneous administration
Slow
55
Rate of absorption for transcutaneous administration
Slow
56
Through the rectum
Per rectum
57
PR
Per rectum
58
Per rectum delivery is most commonly used with ___ because ___
1. Children 2. Of easier administration and more reliable absorption
59
Many medications used for nausea and vomiting come in a ___
Rectal suppository form
60
PO
Oral or per os
61
Medications taken by mouth
Oral
62
Into the vein
Intravenous
63
IV
Intravenous injection
64
Fastest way to deliver a chemical substance
IV
65
Into the bone
Intraosseous
66
IO
Intraosseous injection
67
Medications given by IO reach the bloodstream through the ___
Bone marrow
68
Giving a medication by the IO route requires ___
Drilling a needle into the outer layer of the bone
69
The IO route is used most often in ___
Patients who are unconscious as a result of cardiac arrest or extreme shock. Often for children who have fewer available (or difficult to access) IV sites
70
Under the skin
Subcutaneous
71
A subcutaneous injection is given into the ___
Fatty tissue between the skin and the muscle
72
Medications given subcutaneously are generally absorbed more ___, and their effects ___
1. Slowly 2. Last longer
73
Into the muscle
Intramuscular
74
IM
Intramuscular injection
75
IM injections are absorbed quickly because muscles have ___
A lot of blood vessels
76
Possible problems with IM injections
Damage to muscle tissue and uneven, unreliable absorption, especially in people with decreased tissue perfusion or who are in shock
77
You will typically use the IM route of medication administration with an ___
Auto-injector
78
Reasons to inhale medications
1. Absorb into the bloodstream more quickly 2. Some work in the lungs
79
Under the tongue
Sublingual
80
SL
Sublingual
81
Medication given by the SL route enter through the ___
Oral mucosa under the Tonge and are absorbed into the bloodstream within minutes
82
Through the skin
Transcutaneous
83
Transcutaneous is also called ___
Transdermal
84
IN
Intranasal
85
IN medications is administered with a ___
MAD
86
MAD
Mucosal atomizer device
87
7 forms of medications
1. Tablets & capsules 2. Solutions & suspensions 3. Metered-dose inhalers 4. Topical medications 5. Transcutaneous medications 6. Gels 7. Gases for inhalation
88
Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid medication
Capsules
89
Often contain other materials that are mixed with the medication
Tablets
90
Some tablets are designed to dissolve quickly in small amounts of liquid so that they can ___
Be given sublingually and absorbed rapidly
91
Liquid mixture of one or more substances that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand
Solution
92
Specially prepared solutions can be given as ___
An IV, IM, or subcutaneous injection
93
A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve
Suspension
94
A suspension must be ___ before administering
Shaken or swirled
95
Suspensions are usually administered by ___
Mouth, but sometimes rectally. Occasionally applied directly to the skin for skin problems. Possibly IM or subcutaneous injection
96
Suspensions cannot be given via IV because ___
The suspended particles do not remain dissolved
97
Miniature spray canister used to direct substances through the mouth and into the lungs
MDI
98
MDI
Metered-dose inhaler
99
The MDI must be ___ before the medication is administered
Shaken vigorously
100
Lotions, creams, and ointments
Topical medications
101
Lotions contain the ___ water, and ointments contain the ___
1. Most 2. Least
102
Lotions are absorbed the ___, and ointments the ___
1. Most rapidly 2. Most slowly
103
Designed to be absorbed through the skin
Transcutaneous medications
104
Semi-liquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes
Gel
105
Gels usually have the consistency of pastes or creams but are ___
Transparent
106
Most common gaseous medication
Oxygen

Emergency Medical Technician (100 decks)

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