Respiratory System

Question 0

What does oxygen diffuse into?

Answer 0

Oxygen diffuses into plasma and red blood cells.

Question 1

Give two functions of the respiratory system.

Answer 1

Allows for gas exchanges in the body

Helps to regulate blood pH (7.4 is ideal)

Question 2

What is oxygen carried by in red blood cells?

Answer 2

Oxygen is carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Question 3

What does carbon-dioxide diffuse out of, and what then happens to it?

Answer 3

Carbon-dioxide diffuses out of plasma into lungs and is then exhaled from the body.

Question 4

What is the pathway that air follows?

Answer 4

nose-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchus-bronchioles-alveoli

Question 5

Give the three parts of the upper respiratory tract.

Answer 5

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 6

Nares

Answer 6

Another word for nostrils.

Question 7

Where does the nose open, and what does it lead into?

Answer 7

The nose opens at the nares (nostrils) and leads into the nasal cavities.

Question 8

What filters the air in the nose?

Answer 8

Hairs and mucus in the nose filter the air.

Question 9

What is the function of the capillaries in the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

The capillaries in the nasal cavity warm and moisten the air.

Question 10

Odor Receptors

Answer 10

Specialized cells in the nasal cavities act as odor receptors.

Question 11

Where do the tear glands drain?

Answer 11

Tear glands drain into the nasal cavities. This can lead to a runny nose.

Question 12

Pharynx

Answer 12

The pharynx is a funnel-shaped cavity commonly called the throat.

Question 13

What do tonsils do, and where are they?

Answer 13

Tonsils provide a lymphatic defense during breathing at the junction of the oral cavity and the pharynx.

Question 14

Larynx

Answer 14

The larynx is a triangular, cartilaginous structure that passes air between the pharynx and the trachea.

Question 15

What is the larynx called, and what does it house?

Answer 15

The larynx is called the voice box, and it houses vocal cords.

Question 16

Glottis

Answer 16

The opening in the middle of the 2 mucosal folds that make up the vocal cords.

Question 17

What makes up the vocal cords?

Answer 17

The vocal cords are made up of 2 mucosal folds.

Question 18

Name the three parts of the lower respiratory tract.

Answer 18

Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs

Question 19

Trachea

Answer 19

The trachea is a tube, often called the windpipe, that connects the larynx with the primary bronchi.

Question 20

What is the trachea made of?

Answer 20

The trachea is made of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and cartilaginous rings.

Question 21

What is the trachea lined with, and what function does this lining serve?

Answer 21

The trachea is lined with cilia and muscle that help to keep the lungs clean.

Question 22

Describe the bronchial tree.

Answer 22

The bronchial tree starts with 2 main bronchi that lead from the trachea into the lungs. They continue to branch until they are small bronchioles, which eventually lead to elongated sacs called alveoli.

Question 23

Bronchioles

Answer 23

Bronchioles are the small part of the bronchial tree, about 1 mm in diameter with thinner walls.

Question 24

What makes up the lungs?

Answer 24

The secondary bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli make up the lungs.

Question 25

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 25

The right lung has 3 lobes.

Question 26

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 26

The left lung has 2 lobes.

Question 27

How many alveoli are in the lungs, and what do they do?

Answer 27

There are 300 million alveoli in the lungs that greatly increase surface area.

Question 28

What are the alveoli enveloped by?

Answer 28

Alveoli are enveloped by blood capillaries?

Question 29

What do the alveoli and the capillaries allow?

Answer 29

The alveoli and the capillaries are one layer of the epithelium to allow exchange of gases.

Question 30

What are alveoli lined with?

Answer 30

Alveoli are lined with surfactant.

Question 31

What does the surfactant do in the alveoli?

Answer 31

The surfactant lining the alveoli acts as a film to keep the alveoli open.

Question 32

Name the two phases of breathing/ventilation.

Answer 32

Inspiration | Expiration

Question 33

Inspiration

Answer 33

Inspiration is an active process of inhalation that brings air into the lungs.

Question 34

Expiration

Answer 34

Expiration is a typically passive process of exhalation that expels air from the lungs.

Question 35

Give the first stage of inspiration.

Answer 35

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.

Question 36

Give the second stage of inspiration.

Answer 36

The diaphragm flattens and the rib cage moves upward and outward.

Question 37

Give the third stage of inspiration.

Answer 37

The volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs increase.

Question 38

Give the fourth stage of inspiration.

Answer 38

In the fourth stage of inspiration, the air pressure within the lungs decreases.

Question 39

Give the fifth and final stage of inspiration.

Answer 39

In the final stage of inspiration, air flows into the lungs.

Question 40

Give the first stage of expiration.

Answer 40

In the first stage of expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax.

Question 41

Give the second stage of expiration.

Answer 41

In the second stage of expiration, the diaphragm moves upward and becomes dome-shaped.

Question 42

Give the third stage of expiration.

Answer 42

In the third stage of expiration, the rib cage moves downward and upward.

Question 43

Give the fourth stage of expiration.

Answer 43

The fourth stage of expiration is when the volume of the thoracic cavity and the lungs decreases.

Question 44

Give the fifth stage of expiration.

Answer 44

In the fifth stage of expiration, the air pressure within the lungs increases.

Question 45

Give the sixth and final stage of expiration.

Answer 45

In the sixth and final stage of expiration, air flows out of the lungs.

Question 46

How does the respiratory control center in the brain control breathing?

Answer 46

The respiratory control center in the brain (medulla oblongata) sends out nerve impulses to contract muscle for inspiration.

Question 47

What is thought to cause Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Answer 47

Sudden infant death syndrome is thought to occur when the respiratory control center in the brain (medulla oblongata) stops sending out nerve signals.