Cell Theory

Question 0

Prokaryotic

Answer 0

Lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles.

Question 1

Two Categories of Cells

Answer 1

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Question 2

Eukaryotic

Answer 2

A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles.

Question 3

Plasma Membrane

Answer 3

A thin film that separates a living cell from its surroundings and serves as a selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell.

Question 4

Phospholipids

Answer 4

2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic)

1 phosphate group head (hydrophilic)

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

Entire region of the cell between the nucleus and plasma membrane, consisting of various organelles suspended in a fluid called cytosol.

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Surrounded by a nuclear envelope, double membrane, and is the genetic control center where DNA molecules and proteins are stored.

Question 7

Nuclear pores

Answer 7

Allow passage of matter between nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

Network of fine threads in the nucleus composed of DNA and proteins.

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

Chromatin condensed into a compact structure. The number of chromosomes depends on species.

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

Housed in the nucleus. Produces ribosomal subunits.

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Assembled partly from subunits in nucleolus and move into the cytoplasm, where they “work”, via nuclear pores. They make proteins as directed by DNA.

Question 12

Four Parts of the Endomembrane System

Answer 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum - Rough and Smooth
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

Main manufacturing facilities within a cell

Question 14

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

Primarily produces membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

Question 15

Transport Vesicles

Answer 15

Membranous spheres that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

Functions: Synthesizes lipids (steroids), and detoxification (liver).

Question 17

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 17

Receives, refines, stores, and distributes chemical products of the cell. Receives many transport vesicles from the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Question 18

Lysosomes

Answer 18

Sac of digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules. Like a recycling center.

Question 19

Cytoskeleton

Answer 19

Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm; cellular infrastructure. Maintains cell shape, and is dynamic - keeps moving.

Question 20

Microtubules

Answer 20

Straight hollow tubes composed of globular proteins.

Question 21

Filaments

Answer 21

Thinner than microtubules, solid.

Question 22

Flagella

Answer 22

A long, threadlike appendage of certain cells or unicellular organisms that functions as an organ of locomotion.

Question 23

Cilia

Answer 23

Short appendages that propel some unicellular organisms through water and moves fluids across the surface of many tissue cells in animals.

Question 24

Two organelles that help in Energy Conversion

Answer 24

Mitochondria | Chloroplasts

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

Sites of cellular respiration, converting sugars and other food to chemical energy used by cells called ATP. Enclosed by two membranes; also contains DNA inherited from the mother, with instructions for making more mitochondria.

Question 26

Cristae

Answer 26

The inner foldings in the inner membrane of Mitochondria.

Question 27

Matrix

Answer 27

The inner fluid in mitochondria.

Question 28

Chemical Energy

Answer 28

Potential energy which arises from the arrangement of atoms (e.g., carbohydrates, fats, etc.)

Question 29

ATP

Answer 29

Adenosinetriphosphate - energy used by cells, and is cyclical.