Skin

Question 1

functions of the skin

Answer 1

immune response, waterproofing, pigmentation, vitamin D synthesis

Question 2

what are the different skin layers?

Answer 2

epidermis, dermis, SQ

Question 3

skin glands

Answer 3

sebaceous- lubricates and fights bacteria
sweat- temperature regulation

Question 4

common skin issues

Answer 4

pruritits, poor coat, alopecia, seborrhea, bacterial infections, fungal infections, wounds/trauma

Question 5

common clinical signs for skin issues

Answer 5

scratching/licking, inflamed/discolored skin, flakey/greasy/rough skin, lumps/bumps/patches, alopecia

Question 6

acral lick dermatitis (lick granulomas)

Answer 6

caused by excessive licking

Question 7

moist dermatitis

Answer 7

hot spots
caused by bacterial infection and moisture
CS: inflammation, redness, discharge, patient licking

Question 8

atopic dermatitis

Answer 8

itchy skin caused by an allergic response to an inhaled substance
CS: excessive itching, redness, alopecia

Question 9

diagnosing skin issues

Answer 9

identify the primary cause!!
start with physical exam and patient history

Question 10

diagnostic tests for skin issues

Answer 10

skin scrape, cytology, culture (yeast and bacteria), Wood’s lamp (ringworm), bloodwork (underlying cause)

Question 11

topical antibiotics

Answer 11

applied frequently because they can get licked off
ex: triple antibiotic ointments (Neopolybac), triple antibiotic ointments with steroids (Neopolydex), Nitrofurazone (Furacin)

Question 12

topical antifungals

Answer 12

treats dermatophytes (ringworm) and yeast infections
ex: -azole drugs (Clotrimazole, Econazole, Fluconazole, Miconazole, Ketoconazole), Terbinafine, Amphotericin, Panalog

Question 13

types of topical antipruritics

Answer 13

nonsteroidal topical antipruritics and steroidal topical/oral antipruritics

Question 14

nonsteroidal topical antipruritics

Answer 14

anesthetics: lidocaine, tetracaine, pramoxine Hexa-Caine, Dermacool
antihistamines: Benadryl, Benasoothe shampoo
soothing agents: Colloidal oatmeal, Aveeno, Dermally shampoo, Episoothe
minerals: zinc ointments, Maxi-guard

Question 15

steroidal topical and oral antipruritics

Answer 15

short acting (< 12 hours): Hydrocortisone, TrizChlor, Dermacool HC
intermediate acting (12-36 hours): Triamcinolone (Animax), Temaril-P (oral), Prednisone (oral), Depo-Medrol (injectable), Solu-Delta Cortef (injectable)
long acting (> 48 hours): Betamethasone (Vetalog) (injectable), Dexmethasone (Dexium) (injectable)

Question 16

Oclacitinib (Apoquel)

Answer 16

oral antipruritic
controls atopic dermatitis and pruritits in dogs at least 12 months of age
works by blocking specific itch enzymes and it has anti-inflammatory properties

Question 17

Cyclosporine (Atopica)

Answer 17

immune suppressing oral drug for dogs and cats
oral antipruritic

Question 18

Lokivetmab (Cytopoint)

Answer 18

injectable antipruritic
immune suppressing drug that blocks the itch receptor site to prevent itching sensation
works within 24 hours
lasts 4-8 weeks

Question 19

seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 19

skin condition characterized by abnormal flaking/scaling of epidermis

Question 20

seborrhea oleosa

Answer 20

seborrhea with increased production of sebum

Question 21

seborrhea sicca

Answer 21

seborrhea without increased sebum production

Question 22

seborrhea sicca drugs

Answer 22

1. sulfur based (KeraSeb, Exfolux)
2. salicylic acid based (Sebolux, DermaClens), not safe for cats (aspirin based)

Question 23

seborrhea oleosa drugs

Answer 23

1. coal tar (Imrex tar and sulfur, Nova Pearls)
   not safe for cats, irritating, might stain animal
2. Benzyl Peroxide (Pyoben)
   excellent for moist dermatitis, pyoderma, and a variety of skin lesions