Stages of ulcers/burns/all birthmarks/necrotizing fasciitis

Question 1

Flesh eating disease; rare byt very serious infection; can aggressively destroy skin, fat, muscle, and other tissue

Answer 1

Necrotizing fasciitis

Question 2

Typically results from a highly virulent strain of gram-positive, Group A, beta-hemolytic streptococcus which releases harmful toxins which destroy the tissue

Answer 2

Necrotizing fasciitis

Question 3

Malformed blood vessels, proliferating vessels, vessel dialation are causes for?

Answer 3

Vascualr birthmarks

Question 4

Most common type; faint red marks occuring on the forehead, eyelids, posterior neck, nose, upper lip, or posterior head, most fade by 2 years of age; no treatment needed

Answer 4

Macular strains

Question 5

Salmon patches, stork bites

Answer 5

Macular stains

Question 6

Bright red patch of extra blood vessels in the skin; grow during first year of life then usually recede; on head or neck; can cause issues if interfere with sight, feeding, etc

Answer 6

Hemangiomas

Question 7

Discolorations that look like wine was spilled on the skin; occur on the face, neck, arms, and legs, grow with the child, get darker over time. DO NOT RESOLVE. If near the eye, should assess for complications (glaucoma)

Answer 7

Port wine stains

Question 8

Cluster of pigment cells that cause color in the skin; from tan to brown, gray to black, or even blue

Answer 8

Pigmented birthmarks

Question 9

Very common, anywhere on the body; one spot is okay; several that are larger than a quater could indicate a problem (neurofibromatosis); can be removed but often return

Answer 9

Cafe au lait spots

Question 10

Flat, bluish-gray; lower back or buttock, usually fade by 5

Answer 10

Mongolian spots

Question 11

Tan, brown, black, all should be monitored for cancerous changes; surgical removal

Answer 11

Mole (nevi)

Question 12

Superficial; only affect the epidermis and cause pain, erythema, and edema (sunburn)

Answer 12

First degree

Question 13

Partial thickness; affect the epidermis and dermis and cause pain, erythema, edema, and blistering

Answer 13

2nd degree

Question 14

Full thickness; extend into deeper tissues and cause white or blackened, charred skin that may be numb

Answer 14

3rd degree

Question 15

Goes through both layers of skin, and underlying tissue, involves muscle and bone. No feeling in this area since nerves are destroyed

Answer 15

4th degree

Question 16

Soft-tissue injuries that occur as a result of unrelieved mechanical pressure

Answer 16

Pressure injuries

Question 17

Skin is intact, non-blanchable erythema is present

Answer 17

Stage 1

Question 18

Erosion or blister with or without true ulcerations, no exposed subcutaneous tissue

Answer 18

Stage 2

Question 19

Full thickness skin loss with damage to subcutaneous tissue down to the underlying fascia

Answer 19

Stage 3

Question 20

Full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, and damage to exposed supporting structures

Answer 20

Stage 4

Question 21

Skin may or may not be intact, and underlying tissue is damaged

Answer 21

Deep tissue injury

Question 22

Full-thickness skin and tissue loss in which the extent of damage cannot be determined because it is hidden by slough or eschar

Answer 22

Unstageable