Students as Diverse Learners

Question 1

How is student’s learning influenced?

Answer 1

Age; cognitive development; language, culture, family, community values, individual experiences, talents, motivations and prior learning.

Question 2

Sucessful teachers need to understand each individual and all of the variables of their lives to be able to understand how they will __________.

Answer 2

Learn….

Question 3

What are the primary group differences?

Answer 3

Language, culture, family and community values.

Question 4

What are the primary individual difference?

Answer 4

Individual experiences, talents, motivations, and prior learnings. (SCHEMA)

Question 5

_______: Behaviors that are generally shared among students of specific cultural and ethnic groups.

Answer 5

Group differences

Question 6

How are group differences identified?

Answer 6

when the behavior of the individuals in the same group is more similar, on average, than the behaviors of individuals from different groups.

Question 7

What is the norm?

Answer 7

Average behavior of the members of a group. It is important to remember that individuals within a group will also be somewhat different from one another.

Question 8

Gender Differences: Girls develop ______ _____ skills earlier than boys.

Answer 8

Fine Motor Skills

Question 9

Gender Differences: Girls have ______ earlier than boys.

Answer 9

Puberty

Question 11

On average, boys and girls perform ______ on test of general intelligence.

Answer 11

similarly..

Question 13

Boys perform better on task requiring ________ skills.

Answer 13

Visual - Spatial

Question 14

Ability to imagine and mentally manipulate two-and three-dimensional figures.

Answer 14

Visual - Spatial (Boys perform Better)

Question 15

Girls perform better on some, but not all, verbal skills and tend to have larger _______.

Answer 15

Vocabulary.

Question 16

Researchers speculate that gender differences are in part due to _________

Answer 16

differences in brain development.

Question 18

More boys that girls are identified with _________

Answer 18

learning disabilities

Question 19

Boys are more ______ than girls

Answer 19

Active… they talk more and ask more questions, and they are more likely to call out answers and dominate the classroom

Question 20

______ are slower to respond in groups, less likely to volunteer ideas and ask questions, and often wait to be called on directly.

Answer 20

girls

Question 21

Teachers should keep cultural differences in mind when anticipating or evaluating student behaviors, as the _________ ________ that occurs when the child’s home culture and school culture have conflicting expectations that can negatively affect student’s academic achievement.

Answer 21

Cultural Mismatch.

Question 22

List five Cultural differences

Answer 22

1. Use of Language and Dialect

Question 27

Dialect

Answer 27

_______: form of speech that has certain unique pronunciations, idioms, and grammatical structures and is characteristic of a particular region or ethnic group

Question 28

___________: people who have common historical roots, values, beliefs, and behaviors and who share a sense of interdependence.

Answer 28

Ethnic Group

Question 29

interdependence

Answer 29

a relationship between countries in which they rely on one another for resources, goods, or services

Question 30

Socioeconimic Status (SES)

Answer 30

A measure of social class based on income and education. * definition from online search**

Question 31

Students from _______ SES, especially those who live in poverty, are at risk of academic difficulties and behavior problems.

Answer 31

Lower

Question 32

Children of Lower SES are frequently faced with: (list a few)

Answer 32

Poor nutrition, exposure to toxins, inadequate and often unstable housing, and fewer community and home resources... less parental involvement, fewer classroom resources, and teachers with lower expectations, less safe neighborhoods.

Question 33

Teachers should also recognize and attend to

Answer 33

individual differences in temperament, personality, and motivation.

Question 34

_________ hypothesized about general intelligence as a single (g).

Answer 34

Spearman

Question 35

______: Theoretical general factor in intelligence that influences one's ability to learn in a wide variety of contexts.

Answer 35

(G)

Question 37

________: suggested intelligences is a triarchic, compromising analytical, creative, and practical intelligences.

Answer 37

Sternberg

Question 38

Triarchic theory of intelligence is a view of intelligence that

Answer 38

proponents argue that intelligent behavior arises from a balance between analytical, creative and practical abilities.

Question 39

Research shows that there are clear differences in student's information processing abilities called ______

Answer 39

fluid intelligence

Question 40

Crystallized intelligence is also known as ___________

Answer 40

basic knowledge

Question 41

What ability is associated with maturity is most influential in learning?

Answer 41

Listening to the ideas of others

Question 42

Students with the same intelligence levels often approach classroom task and think about topics differently. These individual differences are due to ________ or ________ styles

Answer 42

Cognitive or Learning

Question 43

Analytic learners

Answer 43

__________ learners break down tasks into pieces and approach each piece separately

Question 44

Holistic Learners

Answer 44

_________ learners approach a task as a single integrated project.

Question 45

Due Process

Answer 45

A set of procedures or safeguards that give students with disabilities and their parents/guardians extensive rights that include notice of meetings, opportunities to examine relevant records, impartial hearings and a review procedure

Question 46

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act

Answer 46

Legislation passed in 1974 that gives students and parents access to school records and limits others' access to those records

Question 47

Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)

Answer 47

A federal statute, enacted in 1990, that has resulted in several grant programs to states in educating students with disabilities.

Question 48

Individualized Education Plan (IEP)

Answer 48

A written plan for a student with disabilities developed by a team of professionals (teachers, special educators, school psychologists) and the child's parents or caregivers. It is based on an evaluation by the child's multidisciplinary team and describes how the child is doing presently, what the child's learning needs are and what services the child will need

Question 49

Inclusion

Answer 49

Inclusive education strives to educate a child with disabilities in his or her neighborhood school and in the regular education classroom as much as possible

Question 50

Least Restrictive Enviornment (LRE)

Answer 50

The educational setting that allows students with disabilities to be educated with nondisabled peers

Question 51

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

Answer 51

A civil rights law prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities by federally assisted programs or activities

Question 52

Attribution

Answer 52

When one constructs a casual explanation for failure or success

Question 53

Cognitive Discconance

Answer 53

A feeling of mental discomfort in which new information conflicts with beliefs or previously learned information

Question 54

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 54

Motivation that comes from external sources or from outside a person such as stickers or behavior charts

Question 55

Facilitating Anxiety

Answer 55

A low level of anxiety that actually can enhance student learning and performance on classroom assessments

Question 56

Debilitating Anxiety

Answer 56

A high level of anxiety that detracts from a student's ability to concentrate on the task or even the attempt the task out of fear and intense concern

Question 57

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 57

Motivation that comes from within, or from inside a person such as providing students time to reflect on gials and achievements

Question 58

Learned Helplessness

Answer 58

A tendency for a person to be a passive learner who is dependent on others for guidance and decision making

Question 59

Punishment

Answer 59

The goal is to weaken or extinguish an undesired behavior

Question 60

Reinforcement

Answer 60

The process or action of strengthening or reinforcing a behavior.

Question 61

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 61

Involves a stimulus to increase a desired response

Question 62

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 62

Involves removing a negative stimulus to increase a desired response

Question 63

Self-Determination

Answer 63

Suggests that humans have a basic need for autonomy when it comes to the courses their lives take

Question 64

Preoperational Stage

Answer 64

In Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to 6 or 7) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

Question 65

Concrete Operations Stage

Answer 65

In Piaget's theory, the stage (from 7-11) of cognitive development, in which adult-like logic appears but is limited to concrete reality.

Question 66

Formal Operations Stage

Answer 66

In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (ages 11 or 12 and beyond), which is characterized by the ability to apply logical thinking to abstract problems and hypothetical situations.

Question 67

Assimilation

Answer 67

In the theories of Jean Piaget: Attaching old schema to a new object.

Question 68

With-It-Ness

Answer 68

Awareness of what is happening in your classroom.

Question 69

Objectives

Answer 69

What students must know after a lesson.

Question 70

Norm-Referenced Test

Answer 70

A test that evaluates each individual relative to a normative group.

Question 71

Criterion-Referenced Test

Answer 71

A test that measures achievement according to a predetermined standard.