Tabla MI

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of Metformina?

Answer 1

A nivel hepático actúa en el transportador de cationes orgánicos, bloquea la cadena respiratoria de las mitocondrias para disminuir el ATP y aumentar AMP, lo que disminuye la gluconeogénesis hepática.

Question 2

What are the main effects of Metformina?

Answer 2

Disminuye los niveles de glucosa en ayuno y postprandiales, mejora la captación periférica de glucosa, y aumenta la liberación de insulina y su sensibilidad.

Question 3

What are the common adverse effects of Metformina?

Answer 3

Gastrointestinales principalmente: dolor abdominal, flatulencias, distensión abdominal, diarrea.

EA más raros: Acidosis láctica, deficiencia de vitamina B12.

Question 4

What are the contraindications for Metformina?

Answer 4

TFG <30 ml/min, falla cardiaca aguda, inestabilidad hemodinámica, enfermedad hepática aguda.

Question 5

What are some examples of Metformina brands?

Answer 5

Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Ficonax, Dimefor, Glunovag.

Question 6

What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonilureas?

Answer 6

Se unen al canal de K+ dependiente de ATP en la subunidad SUR1 en la cel beta, cierran los canales K+, aumentando el ATP y disminuyendo el ADP, lo que causa apertura de los canales de Ca+ y exocitosis de insulina.

Question 7

What are the main effects of Sulfonilureas?

Answer 7

Ayuda a reducir los niveles de glucosa en ayuno y postprandiales a través de mejorar la liberación de insulina.

Question 8

What are the common adverse effects of Sulfonilureas?

Answer 8

Hipoglucemia, ganancia de peso, malestar gastrointestinal, hematológicos, alérgicos.

Question 9

What are the contraindications for Sulfonilureas?

Answer 9

ERC con TFG <30 ml/min, insuficiencia hepática, desnutrición, embarazo y lactancia.

Question 10

What are some examples of Sulfonilureas brands?

Answer 10

Minodiab (glipizida), Diamicron (Gliclazida), Amaryl (Glimepirida), Euglucon (Glibenclamida).

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action of Glinidas?

Answer 11

Mismo que sulfonilureas, pero acción más rápida y duración más corta.

Question 12

What are the common adverse effects of Glinidas?

Answer 12

Hipoglucemia, prurito, urticaria.

Question 13

What are the contraindications for Glinidas?

Answer 13

DM1, CAD, insuficiencia renal y hepática grave.

Question 14

What are some examples of Glinidas brands?

Answer 14

Prandin (Repaglinida), Starlix (Nateglinida).

Question 15

What is the mechanism of action of Tiazolidinedionas?

Answer 15

Unión a PPAR en tejido adiposo bloquean la liberación de ácidos grasos libres, aumentando la sensibilidad a la insulina.

Question 16

What are the common adverse effects of Tiazolidinedionas?

Answer 16

Ganancia de peso, edema, incremento del riesgo de insuficiencia cardiaca.

Question 17

What are the contraindications for Tiazolidinedionas?

Answer 17

Embarazo, falla cardiaca, riesgo de fracturas, cáncer de vejiga, DM1, enfermedad hepática activa.

Question 18

What are some examples of Tiazolidinedionas brands?

Answer 18

Gliozac (Pioglitazona), Avandia (Rosiglitazona).

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of Acarbosa?

Answer 19

Inhibidor de alfa glucosidasa intestinal, bloquea la absorción de glucosa intestinal.

Question 20

What are the common adverse effects of Acarbosa?

Answer 20

Flatulencias, diarrea, dolor abdominal.

Question 21

What are the contraindications for Acarbosa?

Answer 21

Intestino irritable, ERC, insuficiencia hepática.

Question 22

What are some examples of Acarbosa brands?

Answer 22

Glucobay.

Question 23

What are Análogos de GLP-1?

Answer 23

Péptidos que aumentan la liberación de insulina y reducen la secreción de glucagón, retrasan el vaciamiento gástrico y reducen el apetito.

Question 24

What are the common adverse effects of Análogos de GLP-1?

Answer 24

GI (n/v, diarrea, dispepsia) que van mejorando con el tiempo.

Question 25

What are the contraindications for Análogos de GLP-1?

Answer 25

Cáncer medular de tiroides, antecedentes de pancreatitis.

Question 26

What are some examples of Análogos de GLP-1 brands?

Answer 26

Byetta, Lyxumia, Victoza, Bydureon, Epersan, Trulicity, Ozempic.

Question 27

What are Inhibidores de DPP4?

Answer 27

Inhibidores de la DPP-4 que aumentan la concentración y vida media de GLP-1.

Question 28

What are the common adverse effects of Inhibidores de DPP4?

Answer 28

Rinofaringitis, riesgo de pancreatitis, reacciones de hipersensibilidad.

Question 29

What are some examples of Inhibidores de DPP4 brands?

Answer 29

Januvia, Galvus, Saxagliptina, Incresina, Trayenta.

Question 30

What are iSGLT2?

Answer 30

Inhiben al cotransportador sodio-glucosa 2, aumentando la excreción renal de glucosa.

Question 31

What are the common adverse effects of iSGLT2?

Answer 31

Riesgo de infecciones micóticas genitales, riesgo de cetoacidosis euglucémica, amputaciones.

Question 32

What are the contraindications for iSGLT2?

Answer 32

TFG <20 ml/min, CAD previa.

Question 33

What are some examples of iSGLT2 brands?

Answer 33

Jardianz, Forxiga, Invokana.

Question 34

What are the types of insulin?

Answer 34

Basal (Análoga), Prandial (Análoga), Rápida/Regular.

Question 35

What is the onset of action for Degludec insulin?

Answer 35

2-4 hrs.

Question 36

What is the duration of action for Glargina insulin?

Answer 36

20-24 hrs.

Question 37

What is the peak action time for Lispro insulin?

Answer 37

45-75 min.

Question 38

What is the duration of action for NPH insulin?

Answer 38

12-18 hrs.