Testicular and Ovarian Function

Question 1

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 1

Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules

Question 2

Which cell produces testosterone in the testes

Answer 2

Leydig cells in the interstitial space

Question 3

What is the name of the sperm cell at the 1) beginning 2)end of mitosis?

Answer 3

1) spermatogonia

2) spermatocyte

Question 4

When does spermatogenesis begin?

Answer 4

puberty

Question 5

How many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have?

Answer 5

46, still diploid

Question 6

When does oogenesis occur?

Answer 6

in fetal life. Females are born with all the primary oocytes they have

Question 7

T/F second meiotic division occurs at the time of ovulation

Answer 7

False, it occurs after fertilisation

Question 8

How many mature ovum does a primary oocyte give?

Answer 8

one

Question 9

What are the seven hormones produced by the anterior pituitary

Answer 9

FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, GH, MSH

Question 10

What are the peptide hormones produced by the female gonads

Answer 10

Inhibin and activin

Question 11

T/F Female reproductive system is responsive to external stimuli

Answer 11

True, hence stress can prevent hormone secretion and ovulation

Question 12

What are the accessory glands the male reproductive system

Answer 12

seminal vesicle
bulbourethral gland
prostate

Question 13

What is the epididymis a site of?

Answer 13

sperm maturation

Question 14

What is the downstream action of LH stimulating Leydig cells

Answer 14

testosterone secretion

sex characteristics development

Question 15

What are the non-reproductive actions of testosterone

Answer 15

closing epiphysis

sebaceous gland secretion

Question 16

Does a male secret inhibin?

Answer 16

Yes, in response to FSH stimulation on sertoli cells. Negative feedback signal will control the level of FSH

Question 17

T/F Only LH in male have a long feedback loop

Answer 17

True, FSH has a short feedback loop with inhibin. LH has a long loop with testosterone

Question 18

What is “menses”

Answer 18

A phase of the menstrual cycle when the endometrium sloughs off

Question 19

What are the cells that can response to FSH/LH in female?

Answer 19

Theca (LH) and granulosa cells (FSH) in the follicle

Question 20

Which cell converts androgen to ostrogen?

Answer 20

granulosa cells, in response to FSH

Question 21

Which hormone does the rising level of ostrogen in proliferative phase inhibit

Answer 21

FSH
LH
GnRH

Question 22

What happens with LH surge?

Answer 22

induce high level of oestrogen secretion, and changes the system to a positive feedback system

leads to ovulation

Question 23

When is inhibin active?

Answer 23

late follicular phase and ovulation

Question 24

Why is there a fall of oestrogen following ovulation?

Answer 24

follicle ruptures and turns into corpus luteum

Question 25

What is the effect of oestrogen on the endometrium?

Answer 25

proliferation of endometrium + expression of progesterone receptor

Question 26

What happens to cervical fluid in response to high oestrogen

Answer 26

it becomes clear and non-viscus, allowing entry of sperm

Question 27

What hormone does the corpus luteum produce?

Answer 27

high level of progesterone and some oestrogen

Question 28

What prevents another follicle from maturating during the luteal phase?

Answer 28

corpus luteum producing progesterone, oestrogen and inhibin to suppress LH, FSH, and GnRH

Question 29

What happens to the uterus during luteal phase?

Answer 29

endometrium becomes vascular and secretory, while cervix becomes thick and sticky

Question 30

in which phase of menstrual cycle does the baseline body temperature rise?

Answer 30

secretory phase, after ovulation

Question 31

When can fertilisation occur?

Answer 31

during ovulation at day 14

Question 32

How long is the window of opportunity for fertilisation every month

Answer 32

24 hours, the lifespan of secondary oocyte

Question 33

What is acrosomal reaction?

Answer 33

when sperm releases digestive enzyme to break down the external cells so fertilisation can occur

Question 34

What is the cortical reaction of the egg?

Answer 34

When one sperm reaches the zona pellicida, other sperms are no longer allowed entry

Question 35

How many days after fertilisation does implantation occur?

Answer 35

blastocyst implants at day 5-9

Question 36

Which part of the zygote has cords to invade the endometrium

Answer 36

trophoblast

Question 37

What is decidua?

Answer 37

Endometrium during pregnancy, forming the maternal part of the placenta