Vertebral Column Flashcards
1
Q
What is the name given to the front of the C1 bony ring?
A
the anterior arch
2
Q
what osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?
A
The anterior tubercle
3
Q
what is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?
A
the fovea dentis
4
Q
What attaches behind the anterior arch of C1?
A
the lateral mass
5
Q
What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?
A
tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligamenet
6
Q
What is IDed in the midline at the back of the posterior arch of C1?
A
the posterior tubercle
7
Q
What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle near the lateral mass?
A
groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery
8
Q
What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle of the posterior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas?
A
an arcuate rim
9
Q
What attaches to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas?
A
a complete ponticulus posticus
10
Q
Based on the amount of bony union between the superior articualr process and the arcuate rim of C1 what structure will form?
A
an incomplete or complete ponticulus posticus
11
Q
what names are given to the opening formed by the pnticulus posticus?
A
arcuate foramen
12
Q
what is observed on the undersurface of the posterior arch of C1?
A
the inferior vertebral notch
13
Q
What is the name given to the anterior part of the transverse process fo C1?
A
the costal element
14
Q
What is the name given to the posterior part of the transverse process of C1?
A
the true transverse process
15
Q
What is the distal most part of the transverse process of C1?
A
the posterior tubercfle
16
Q
What opening is IDed in the transverse process of C1?
A
the transverse foramen
17
Q
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?
A
the dens or odontoid process
18
Q
what surfaces are present on the odontid process?
A
facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site fr the apical-dental ligament
19
Q
What feature is IDed on the anterior surface of the odontoid process of C2?
A
facet for fovea dentis
20
Q
What feature is IDed on the posterior surface of the odontoid of C2?
A
groove for the transverse atalantal ligament
21
Q
What feature is IDed on the superolateral margins of the odontoid process of C2?
A
attachment site for apical-dental ligament
22
Q
What feature is IDed on the tip of the odontoid process of C2?
A
the longus coli muscle attachment
23
Q
what feature is IDed on the anterior part of the vertebral body of C2?
A
the inferior epiphyseal rim and cancellous bone
24
Q
What feature is IDed on the posterior surface f the inferior epiphyseal ring of C2?
A
the posterior lip
25
What features are present at the lateral margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
right and left lateral groove
26
WHAT LIES on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?
the superior articular process
27
What is this location of the superrior vertebral notch of C2?
On the lamina pedicle junctions
28
What feature is IDed on the lower surface of the pedicle of C2?
The inferior vertebral notch or incisure
29
What osseous parts of the typical cervical traverse process are present at C2?
Costal element, oysters or tubercle and true transverse process
30
What opening is IDed in the traverse process of C2?
The transverse Foramen
31
What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?
It is bifid
32
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left Uncinate processes
33
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and eat lateral grooves
34
What attaches to the posterolateral margin and in the center of a typical cervical vertebral body?
The pedicle
35
What surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?
Superior vertebral notch
36
What surface feature is located at the lower margin of the pedicle?
Inferior vertebral notch
37
What bony feature is attached to the posterior end of the pedicle?
The articular pillar?
38
What is located at the top of the articular pillars?
The superior articular process
39
The superior articular process will provide support for what bone feature?
The superior articular facet
40
What is located at the bottom of the articular pillar?
The inferior articular process
41
The inferior articular process will provide support for what bone feature?
The inferior articular facet
42
What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?
The groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
43
What bone feature is attached to the posterior part of the articular pillar?
The lamina
44
What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina?
Posteromedially
45
What ligament attaches to the lamina of typical cervical?
Ligamentum flavum
46
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?
Para-articular process
47
To what parts of the typical cervical vertebra is the transverse process attached?
The vertebral body and the articular pillar
48
List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process bringing at the vertebral body.
Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior über cel, true transverse process
49
What is the distal modification of the costal element of a typical cervical vertebra?
The anterior tubercle
50
What is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals?
The posterior tubercle
51
What body feature connects the anterior and posterior tubercles of a typical recital transverse process?
Costotransverse bar
52
What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?
Sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
53
What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
The carotid tubercle
54
What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?
They are bifid
55
What is the usual condition for the African-Amercian typical cervical spinous process?
The are non-bifid
56
What is the osseous modification at the distal end of e spinous process?
The spinous tubercle
57
What surfaces are present on the superior epiphyseal rim of the vertebral body of C7?
Anterior groove, posterior groove, right don left uncinate processes
58
What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of C7?
Typically flat, lacking anterior and oysters or lis characteristic off the typical cervicals
59
What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C7?
Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, ostrior tubercle, true transverse process
60
What a the the features of the spinous process of C7?
Long, horizontal non-bifid
61
What is the appearance off the vertebral body of T1 form the anterior view?
Both sides will appear to be scalloped (indented) between the epiphyseal rims
62
What is the appearance of the superior surface of the vertebral body of T1?
It is somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at the posterior and lateral margin
63
What may the elevations on the vertebral body of T1 represent?
Uncinate processes
64
What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of T1?
Typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lis characteristic of the cervicals
65
What surfaces are present on the upper and lower margins of the T1 vertebral body?
The right and left superior costal facet; the right and left inferior costal Demi-facet
66
What is eh direction of the transverse process at T1?
The transverse process projects nearly straight out.
67
What is the angular ion of the spinous process of T1?
The undersurface of the T1 spinous processes will be nearly horizontal from the horizontal plane
68
What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?
The vertebral boy, transverse process, articular process an spinous process
69
On cranial view, what is the outline o the vertebral body for the T2-T4 region?
The vertebral body will have bilaterally convex sides
70
On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 region?
The left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex
71
What is the name Geiger too the left side appeared of the vertebral body of T5-T8?
The Arctic impression
72
What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?
The left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims
73
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral Boyd of a typical thoracic?
The right and let superior and the right and left inferior costal Demi-facets
74
Which of the Demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?
The superior costal Demi-facet
75
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?
The pedicle arises form the upper third off the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally
76
What is the appearance and position of the lamina in a typical thoracic?
The lamina is short, broad and thick and lies next to the spinous process
77
What is the direction of the transverse process in the typical thoracics?
The transverse process projects more posterior with each inferior vertebra
78
How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T2-T4 regions?
The superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment
79
How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes computer in thee T5-T8 region?
The superior articular process transverse diameter is the same as or equal to the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment
80
What name is given to the riot between the superior and inferior articular processes in the typical thoracics?
The pars interarticularis
81
What is the pars interarticularis?
The region between the superior and inferior articular processes?
82
What part of a vertebra arises laterally form the pars interarticularis?
The transverse process
83
What is the angular ion of the spinous process of T2-T4?
The undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees for the horizontal plane.
84
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T5-T8?
The undersurface of the T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees form the horizontal plane
85
What is present on the transverse tubercle of T9?
The transverse coastal facet
86
Which rib related facet may be absent on T9?
The inferior costal Demi facet
87
Which synovial joint surface is absent form the vertebral body of T10?
Inferior costal Demi-facets
88
What is typically present on the transverse tubercle of /T10?
The transverse costal facet
89
What is the generic appearance of thepsinous processes of T10?
Shorter and more horizontal than the T9 spinous process
90
What is the outline of the vertebral body of T11 on superior view?
Kidney-shaped or reniform
91
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T11?
The right and left superior costal facet
92
Which synovial joint is absent from the vertebral body of T11?
Inferior costal Demi-facet
93
What part of the transverse process is absent on T11?
The transverse costal facet
94
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T11?
Posterior and horizontal along the undersurface
95
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T12?
The right and left superior costal facet
96
Which synovial joint surface is absent form the vertebral body of T11?
Inferior costal Demi-facets
97
What is present to the transverse process region to T12?
Three tubercles of variable size?
98
What is the location of the lateral tubercle?
It projects laterally form the pars interarticularis of T12
99
What is the location of the superior tubercle?
It projects superior lay over the superior articular facet form the pars interarticularis of T12
100
What is the location of the inferior tubercle?
It projects form the pars interarticularis of T12 in a plane that is inferior to the superior tubercle and medial to the lateral tubercle
101
What is the curvature of the superior articular facets of a T12?
They are said to be slightly concave
102
What is the curvature of the inferior articular facets of T12?
They are significantly convex
103
What is the orientation of the spinous process of T12?
Posterior and horizontal
104
What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?
Accessory process
105
What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical lumbar vertebrae?
Pars interarticularis
106
What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?
Mammillary process
107
What is the usual appearance of the typical lumbar spinous process?
Rectangular with the long axis in the superior-inferior orientation
108
What characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it form the L5 segment? Be specific and complet as the difference(s) on segment form each group.
On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 the transverse process originates for the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region.
109
What is the generic direction and length of the fifth lumbar transverse process?
It is directed straight lateral and is the shortest of all lumbar transverse processes.
110
What are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Uncinate recess, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip
111
What is present on the transverse tubercle of T1?
The transverse costal facet
112
What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T2-T6?
They face forward and outward
113
What is the orientation of the transverse costal facets for T7-T8?
The face forward, outward, and upward
114
Which vertebrae will have a spinous process angulation of up to forty degrees?
T2-T4
115
Which vertebrae will have a spinous process angulation of up to sixty degrees?
T5-T8
116
Which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from the vertebral body of T9?
Inferior costal Demi-facet
117
What is the angulation of the spinous process of T9?
The undersurface of T9 spinous processes will angle less than forty degrees for the horizontal plane
118
What feature is very commonly observed on the lamina to T10?
Para-articular processes
119
What part of the TVP may be absent on T10?
The transverse costal facet
120
What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T11?
Longer and more horizontal along the undersurface than T10
121
Which tubercle on T12 represents the TVP?
The lateral tubercle
122
Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process of the lumbars?
The superior tubercle
123
Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbars?
The inferior tubercle
124
The costal element and true transverse process of sacrum unite to form what feature?
The sacral ala
