W4-2 Pharmacodynamics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in W4-2 Pharmacodynamics Deck (23)
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1
Q

Agonist

A

Activates biochemical events, “evokes response”

2
Q

Most common second messenger system

A

G-protein coupled receptors

3
Q

Best known pharmacologic interaction mechanism

A

Ligand-gated ion channels

4
Q

Pharmaceuticals often bind ________ proteins in order to ________ transcription

A

chaperone, inactivate

5
Q

Major reason for drug-drug interactions

A

Overlapping 2nd messenger systems

6
Q

Two types of drugs that do not interact with receptors

A

Chelating agents

Volatile anesthetics

7
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Interfere with DNA/RNA synthesis

8
Q

What is EC50?

A

The amount of drug needed to elicit 50% of the maximal response

9
Q

Affinity

A

1/Kd (1/dissociation constant)

10
Q

Potency

A

Compares relative drug strengths

11
Q

Antagonist

A

Inhibits action of agonist, efficacy alpha = 0

12
Q

Quantal Dose Effect

A

Population response, “all or nothing” response over very narrow concentration range

13
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Hyporeactivity induced rapidly after a few doses

14
Q

Therapeutic index

A

TI=LD50/ED50

Higher is better

15
Q

Cyt P-450 types for codeine metabolism

A

More 2D6 than 3A4
Quinidine reduces 2D6
Grapefruit juice reduces 3A4

16
Q

3 benefits of personalized medicine

A
  1. Safer drugs
  2. Increased effectiveness
  3. Dosages calculated on genetics
17
Q

2 alleles that can be examined before starting warfarin therapy

A

VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase)

CYP2C9 (cytochrome p450 2C9)

18
Q

Molecular test that may be used for detecting SNPs

A

Deep sequencing
Exon trapping
Direct sequencing

19
Q

Describe general role of cytochrome p450 gene family

A

Drug metabolism, activation and breakdown

20
Q

3 general types of metabolizers and the significance for pain management

A

“Poor metabolizers” cannot metabolize codeine
“Extensive metabolizers” can metabolize codeine
“Ultrarapid metabolizers” metabolize codeine too quickly

21
Q

When is a genetic test needed prior to administering cancer therapy?

A

When we look for specific biomarkers to attack

22
Q

Golden equation of flow

A

delta P
flow= ————
R

23
Q

Gut associate lymphoid tissue

A

trained by normal intestinal flora to respond appropriately to invaders