W3-4 Cholesterol Metabolism Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in W3-4 Cholesterol Metabolism Deck (22)
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1
Q

Ultimate precursor of all cholesterol synthesized de novo

A

Acetyl-CoA

2
Q

How many carbons is cholesterol? Made from how many acetyl-CoAs?

A

27 C

from 15 acetyl-CoAs

3
Q

Rate determining/drug targeting step

A

HMG-CoA reductase

blocked by statins

4
Q

How is cholesterol synthesis regulated on transcription level?

A
5
Q

What promotes the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase?

A

High sterol levels

6
Q

How is HMG-CoA reductase regulated on a whole-body metabolism level?

A
7
Q

2 ways liver ships cholesterol

A

VLDLs

bile acids

8
Q

Chylomicrons in intestinal epithelium cells

A

nascent chylomicrons

(nascent means ‘new’)

9
Q

This Apo protein is always present on chylomicrons

A

ApoB-48

10
Q

HDLs add this apoprotein to chylomicrons to activate them

A

ApoC II

11
Q

Chylomicrons are mostly what?

A

TAGs

12
Q

Cholesterol is often bound to what molecule for transport from the liver?

A

FA

13
Q

This apo protein is always bound to VLDLs

A

ApoB-100

14
Q

HDLs add which apoprotein to VLDLs to activate them?

A

ApoC II

15
Q

Draw out VLDL and chylomicron activation and metabilism in blood

A
16
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia pathology

A

LDL receptor miscoding, does not allow LDLs to be endocytosed

17
Q

Xanthoma

A

subcutaneous fat deposits

18
Q

Describe how atherosclerotic plaques are formed

A
  1. Excess LDLs captured under intima of blood vessels
  2. Macrophages consume this fat and become foam cells
  3. Foam cells die and leave plaque
19
Q

Three metabolic uses of cholesterol

A

Membranes

Steroid hormones

Bile acids

20
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Disease in women that causes increased androgen synthesis and decreased cortisol and androgen synthesis

21
Q

Steroid hormones act through what type of regulation?

A

transcriptional

22
Q
A