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Physiology 2 > Folliculogenesis > Flashcards

Folliculogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

When are primordial germ cells first identifiable in the yolk sac?

A

3 weeks after conception

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2
Q

What do cells that will become oocytes or sperm cells originate from?

A

Primordial germ cells

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3
Q

What are the steps in development of primordial germ cells?

A

Lots of mitosis
Migration to the genital ridge
Genital ridge becomes the gonad

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4
Q

What happens if primordial germ cells enter the ovary?

A

Known as oocytes

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5
Q

When do oogonia become primary oocytes?

A

When they stop dividing by mitosis and enter the first stage of meiosis

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6
Q

What is the outer layer of the ovary called and what is it made up of?

A

The cortex - primary oocytes

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7
Q

In the foetal ovary, what do the cells surrounding the oocyte do and what are they called?

A

Condense and differentiate into granulosa cells

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8
Q

What do granulosa cells secrete?

A

The basal layer

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9
Q

What is the whole structure (granulosa cells, oocyte and basal lamina) called?

A

Primordial follicle

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10
Q

What stage of meiosis are oocytes arrested in?

A

Metaphase I

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11
Q

What happens to the oocytes at ovulation?

A

Primary oocyte splits into a secondary oocyte and the first polar body

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12
Q

What’s the difference between a first polar body and a secondary oocyte?

A

More cytoplasm in the secondary oocyte

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13
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

The growth and development of follicles from the earliest resting stages in the foetus through to ovulation

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14
Q

How often does a cohort of follicles initiate growth?

A

Every day

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15
Q

What happens as follicles grow?

A

Granulosa cells multiply and the oocyte secretes another protective acellular layer called the zona pellucida

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16
Q

What happens to the follicle once follicular growth has started?

A

The second layer of cells differentiate around the basal lamina (the theca) which is then vascularised

17
Q

Is early follicular growth FSH- dependant?

A

No

18
Q

How do we know that early follicular growth is FSH-independant?

A

Know this bc it still happens in FSH deficient patients or those with FSHR mutations

19
Q

What are the two main phases of follicle growth?

A

Pre-antral and antral

20
Q

What are antrums?

A

Follicular fluid-filled spaces

21
Q

As the antrum grows, what do the cells surrounding the oocyte differentiate into?

A

Cumulus cells

22
Q

What do pre-ovulatory follicles contain?

A

Cumulus oophorus complex
Granulosa cells
Vascularised theca laying adjacent to the basal lamina

23
Q

What is the follicular fluid made up of?

A

Plasma exudate and secretory products of the oocytes and granulosa cells

24
Q

What happens as the follicular fluid volume and antrum expands?

A

The oocyte is displaced to one side

25
Q

What is follicle initiation?

A

When a cohort of early follicles leave the resting pool and start growing continuously

26
Q

What is it called if follicle initiation happens at the same time as FSH release in the menstrual cycle?

A

Follicle recruitment

27
Q

Why is the vascularisation of the theca important?

A

It allows the follicle to be open to external influences and release steroids into circulation

28
Q

What do theca cells produce?

A

Androgens

29
Q

Where are FSH receptors found?

A

ONLY granulosa cells

30
Q

Where are LH receptors found?

A

ONLY theca cells

31
Q

What does FSH do in granulosa cells?

A

Drives aromatase to catalyse androstenedione -> estradiol

32
Q

What does LH drive in theca cells?

A

Cholesterol -> androgens

33
Q

Where do the testosterone and androstenedione produced in theca cells travel to and what do they do there?

A

The granulosa cells, converted into estrone and estradiol

34
Q

What is the only time you will find LH receptors on granulosa cells and why?

A

In the dominant follicle because it needs to drive progesterone production

35
Q

What is the zona pellucida?

A

A thick glycoprotein shell on the follicle that stops more than one sperm fertilising it

Physiology 2 (38 decks)

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