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Physiology 2 > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risks of using contraception?

A

CVS, neoplastic, emotional, infection, allergies and iatrogenic issues

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2
Q

What are the risks of not using contraception?

A

Childbirth related risks, abortion related risks and socioeconomic costs

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3
Q

What are the benefits of using contraception?

A

Psychosexual, choice, sexual health, cost savings and female equality

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4
Q

What are the benefits of not using contraception?

A

Non-interference, population growth and control of women

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5
Q

What is the Combined oral contraceptive pill made of?

A

A mix of oestrogen and progesterone

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6
Q

Where do oestrogens act when using the combined oral pill?

A

On the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, directly on the ovary and on the endometrium

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7
Q

Where do the progestagens act when using the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, directly on the ovary, on the endometrium, uterine tubes and cervical mucus

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8
Q

What do progestagens do to the endometrium?

A

Thin it out

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9
Q

What do progestagens do to the uterine tubes?

A

Cause muscle atrophy

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10
Q

What do progestagens do on the cervical mucus?

A

Thicken it so sperm can’t get through

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11
Q

What are the benefits of the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Reliable, safe, unrelated to sex, woman is in control, quickly reversible, helps other issues with periods

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12
Q

What are the risks of being on the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

CV (clotting disorders, high blood pressure, DVT etc), neoplastic, GI (weight gain, insulin metabolism), hepatic, dermatological (acne) and mood swings, depression and altered libido

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13
Q

What medication interacts with the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Liver enzyme inducing drugs and broad spectrum antibiotics

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14
Q

What are the rules for taking the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A

Start packet on the first day of bleeding, take 21 pills and stop for a 7 day break
Restart new packet on the 8th day

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15
Q

What should you do if you are late with, or missed a pill in the first 7 days of the COCP cycle?

A

Use condoms

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16
Q

What should you do if you missed pills in the last 7 days of the COCP cycle?

A

Don’t have days off, just continue on to the next packet

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17
Q

What is the combined vaginal contraceptive?

A

Ring that goes in the vagina

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18
Q

How does the combined vaginal contraceptive work?

A

Same as the pill, just in the vagina

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19
Q

What is the advantage/disadvantage of the combined vaginal ring?

A

You don’t have to take it every day

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20
Q

What are the two different progestogen only methods?

A

Default and user dependent methods

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21
Q

What are the two types of default progestogen only method?

A

Implants and hormone releasing IUCD

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22
Q

What are the two types of implant?

A

Nexplanon and Norplant

23
Q

What is an example of a hormone releasing IUCD?

A

Mirena IUS

24
Q

What are the two types of user dependant progestogen only methods?

A

POPs (progestogen only pills) and injectables

25
Q

What is an example of an injectable progestogen only method?

A

Depo provera

26
Q

How often do you have to get the injectable progestogen only method?

A

Every 12 weeks

27
Q

What is an example of a progesterone only pill?

A

Desogestrel (cerelle)

28
Q

What are the pros/cons to the progesterone only pill?

A

As effective as COCP, with predictable bleeding, less side effects and a 12 hour window to take it

29
Q

What are the two types of IUCD?

A

Copper or hormone bearing

30
Q

What does IUCD stand for?

A

Intrauterine contraceptive devices

31
Q

How does the copper bearing IUCD work?

A

Destroys sperm and prevents implantation by causing prostaglandin secretion

32
Q

How long do copper bearing IUCDs last?

A

5 years (ish…)

33
Q

What are the benefits of the IUCD?

A 
Non-user dependent
Immediately and retrospectively effective
Immediately reversible
Can be used long term
Reliable and unrelated to sex
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of the IUCD?

A 
Has to be fitted by a trained medical professional
Fitting may be painful or uncomfortable 
Periods may be heavier or more painful
No infection protection
Threads may be felt by the male
35
Q

What are the risks of the IUCD?

A

Miscarriage if left in and pregnancy occurs
May be expelled
Uterus may be perforated

36
Q

What would be a reason that you can’t get an IUCD?

A

Current pelvic inflammatory disease
Suspected or known pregnancy
Unexplained vaginal bleeding
Abnormalities of the uterine cavity

37
Q

What are the advantages of condoms?

A

Man in control (……)
Protects against STIs
No serious health risks
Easily available

38
Q

What are the disadvantages of condoms?

A 
Last minute use
Needs to be taught
May cause allergies or psychosexual difficulties
Oily lube messes with the rubber
Higher failure rate
39
Q

What are diaphragm caps?

A

Latex, fit across vagina

40
Q

What are the advantages of the diaphragm cap?

A

Women in control
Can be put in in advance
Offers protection against cervical dysplasias
Perceived as ‘natural’

41
Q

What are the advantages of suction caps?

A

Suitable for women with poor pelvic muscles
No problems with rubber allergies
Very unobtrusive
Women in control

42
Q

What are the disadvantages of the diaphragm cap?

A

Needs to be taught,
Messy
High failure rate
High risk of UTIs, candiasis and thrush

43
Q

What do people use to do natural family planning?

A 
Temperature
Rhythm (cycle)
Cervix position
Cervical mucus 
Persona (LH in urine) 
Lactational amenorrhoea
44
Q

What is lactational amenorrhoea?

A

If you fully breastfeed for 6 months after giving birth, the risk of conception is quite low

45
Q

What are the advantages of using natural family planning?

A

Non-medical
Can be used in 3rd world countries
Allowed by Catholic Churches
Can result in closeness of understanding between partners

46
Q

What are the disadvantages of natural family planning?

A

Failure rate is very user dependant
Requires skilled teaching
Requires cooperation between partners
May involve limiting sexual activity

47
Q

What are the two types of emergency contraception?

A

Pills and copper IUCDs

48
Q

How long after unprotected sex do pills work?

A

Up to 72 hours

49
Q

What are the two types of emergency contraceptive pill?

A

Levonelle and EllaOne

50
Q

What does levonelle contain?

A

2 tablets with 750 micrograms of levonorgestrel each

51
Q

What does EllaOne contain?

A

Selective progestogen

52
Q

How do emergency contraceptive pills work?

A

Postponing ovulation or preventing implantation

53
Q

How long after unprotected sex are copper IUCDs affective?

A

5 days after

Physiology 2 (38 decks)

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