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Physiology 2 > Learning And Memory > Flashcards

Learning And Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is learning?

A

Acquisition of new information

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2
Q

What is memory?

A

Retention of learned information

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3
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

Facts and events

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4
Q

What is non-declarative memory?

A

Procedural memory, motor skills and habits

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5
Q

What are the types of declarative memory?

A

Working memory, short term memories and long term memories

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6
Q

How long does the working memory last?

A

Seconds

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7
Q

What are stored in short term memory?

A

Facts and events

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8
Q

What is memory consolidation?

A

The process of converting short to long term memories

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9
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A

self-awareness

capacity for planning and problem solving

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10
Q

What is the proof that the working memory is in the prefrontal cortex?

A

Delayed response test in monkeys

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11
Q

What is the delayed response task in monkeys?

A

Show monkey two bowls - one with food and one without

Then cover them and get the monkey to pick a bowl

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12
Q

In the delayed response task when is the greatest level of prefrontal cortex neuronal activity?

A

Delay period (when using the working memory)

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13
Q

What is an engram?

A

Groups of neurons that encode memories

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14
Q

How are memories stored?

A

External stimulus
Activation of the cell assembly
Activation continues after the stimulus is removed
Hebbian modification strengthens the connections between active neurons (ie the engram)

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15
Q

What brain areas does memory consolidation involve?

A

The medial temporal lobes

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16
Q

What is amnesia?

A

serious loss of memory and/or ability to learn

17
Q

What are some causes of amnesia?

A

Concussion, chronic alcoholism, encephalitis, brain tumour, stroke

18
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Previous memories cannot be retrieved

19
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Leaves consolidated memories intact but doesn’t allow for consolidation of new memories

20
Q

What is the morris water maze?

A

Wading pool with a hidden platform

21
Q

How do mice act when placed in a morris water maze?

A

Initially the mice will swim around lots trying to find the platform but after repeated exposure will go more directly to the platform

22
Q

What is spacial memory dependant upon?

A

Hippocampus

23
Q

When do place cells fire?

A

When an animal is in a specific place

24
Q

What are the two models of memory consolidation?

A

standard model and multiple trace model

25
Q

What is the standard model of memory consolidation?

A

Information from neocortex areas are associated with sensory systems sent to the medial temporal lobe for processing

Synaptic and system consolidation happens

26
Q

What is the multiple trace model of memory consolidation?

A

Hippocampal involvement is continued with multiple memory traces

27
Q

What is memory consolidation dependant upon?

A

Synaptic plasticity

28
Q

What is synaptic plasticity?

A

the biological process by which specific patterns of synaptic activity result in changes in synaptic strength

29
Q

What is the model of distributed memory?

A

Multiple neurons contribute to one memory

30
Q

What is the trisynaptic circuit?

A

Information flows from the entorhinal cortex via the performance path to the dentate gyrus
Mossy fibres originate from the dentate gyrus and synapse upon pyramidal neurones in the CA3 hippocampal region
Axons from CA3 synapse upon pyramidal neurons in CA1 hippocampal region

31
Q

What are the mechanisms of long term potentiation in CA1?

A

Glutamate receptors mediate excitatory synaptic transmission (more AMPA receptor activation -> more AMPA receptor insertion)

Dendritic spine growth

32
Q

Why does dendritic spine growth help in long term potentiation?

A

Accommodates more channel insertion

Physiology 2 (38 decks)

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