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Physiology 2 > Somatosensation I > Flashcards

Somatosensation I Flashcards

1
Q

What types of sensations does somatosensation convey?

A

Touch, proprioception, heat/cold and pain/itch

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2
Q

What is proprioception?

A

awareness of body position

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3
Q

What are the two subsystems of somatosensation?

A

Tactile sensation and pain and temperature sensation

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4
Q

What is an epineurium?

A

Connective tissue ensheathing the whole nerve

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5
Q

What are dorsal root ganglion cells?

A

The sensory receptors of the somatosensory system

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6
Q

What are the two systems of the dorsal root ganglion cells?

A

Large and small fibres

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7
Q

What are the features of the large dorsal root ganglion fibres?

A

Large diameter, myelinated and fast conduction

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8
Q

What are the features of the small dorsal root ganglion fibres?

A

Small diameter, thinly myelinated or unmyelinated and medium or slow conducting

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9
Q

What does the quality of sensation depend on?

A

Afferent fibre type

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10
Q

What are the types of receptors in the somatosensory system (and with which system are they used)?

A

A-alpha afferents (proprioception), A-beta afferents (tactile afferents) and free nerve endings

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11
Q

What are the features of A-alpha afferents?

A

Large diameter, myelinated, fastest conducting and includes muscle spindles

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12
Q

What are the features of A-beta afferents?

A

Large diameter, myelinated, second fastest conducting and includes superficial and deep classes

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13
Q

What are examples of superficial A-beta afferents?

A

Meissners corpuscules and merkels discs

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14
Q

What are meissners corpuscules good at?

A

Detecting changes

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15
Q

What are merkels discs good at?

A

Very specific touch

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16
Q

What are examples of deep A-beta afferents?

A

Ruffini corpuscules and pacinian corpuscules

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17
Q

What are the features of free nerve endings?

A

Low resolution tactile, temperature and pain

18
Q

What are the features of A- delta fibres?

A

Small diameter, thinly myelinated and moderate conduction velocity

19
Q

What are the features of C-fibres?

A

Small diameter, unmyelinated and slow conducting

20
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

Specialised muscle fibres embedded within contractile muscle fibres of a voluntary muscle

21
Q

What attaches to muscle spindles?

A

Group I and II afferent axons

22
Q

What is a golgi tendon organ?

A

Specialised sensory endings near the joint of a muscle to its tendon that senses tension in a muscle

23
Q

How is a receptive field measured?

A

The amount of indentation needed to produce a threshold response

24
Q

What are the two major central pathways of the somatosensory system?

A 
Dorsal column-medial lemniscal (DCML) systems
Spinothalamic tract (STT)
25
Q

What does the dorsal column medial lemniscal system mediate?

A

Discriminative touch, vibration and proprioception

26
Q

Where does the DCML system accept inputs from?

A

A-alpha and A-beta afferent fibres

27
Q

What does the spinothalamic tract mediate?

A

Coarse touch, temperature and pain

28
Q

Where does the STT accept inputs from?

A

A-delta and C fibres

29
Q

What is the STT pathway?

A

Spinal cord -> medulla -> midbrain -> ventral posterior nuclear complex of the thalamus

30
Q

What is the DCML pathway?

A

Spinal cord -> cunate nucleus -> medial lemniscus -> midbrain -> ventral posterior nuclear complex of the thalamus

31
Q

What is the ventral posterior complex the route for?

A

Tactile and proprioceptive information to reach the thalamus

32
Q

What is the ventral posterior nucleus divided into?

A

Lateral and medial

33
Q

What does the VPM receive?

A

Sensory information from the face

34
Q

What does the VPL receive?

A

Sensory information from the rest of the body

35
Q

What do the VPM and VPL generally target?

A

Primary somatic sensory cortex (brodmann areas 1, 2 and 3)

36
Q

How thick is the cerebral cortex?

A

1-2mm

37
Q

How many neurons does the cerebral cortex contain?

A

100,000 neurons per cubic millimetre

38
Q

What are some cytoarchitectural differences between brodmann areas?

A

Relative thickness of layers, cell size and density

39
Q

How many brodmann areas are there?

A

> 50

40
Q

Where does the primary somatosensory cortex project to?

A

Secondary somatosensory cortex and other parietal areas

Physiology 2 (38 decks)

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