Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 2 > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

What is language?

A

System for representing or communicating info about the world using symbols and rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two classes of language?

A

Natural vs formal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a formal language?

A

Finite system of signs and rules for combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a generative language?

A

Capable of describing an infinite number of concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pathway for development of languages?

A

Ancestral language -> regional dialects -> modern language families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many language families are there?

A

6500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the functional components of language?

A

Articulation, phonology, meaning, syntax and comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the places of articulation?

A

Labial (lips), alveolar (tongue against hard palate) and palatial (tongue against pharynx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the manners of articulation?

A

Voiced vs unvoiced, Fricative, plosive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is phonology?

A

The sound combinations from which the syllables and words of language are built up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is used as a common phonological notation?

A

International Phonetic Alphabet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of the meaning of language?

A

Representation in long term memory of concepts and the relations between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is syntax?

A

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does syntax rely on?

A

Grammatical markers and word order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition of comprehension of language?

A

The ability to represent the meaning of words or sentences spoken or written by another person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are things that affect comprehension?

A

Context, pitch, stress, prosody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What brain part is important in articulation and phonology?

A

Motor homonculus and anterior portions of Broca’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What brain part is important in understanding meaning?

A

Temporal poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are temporal poles so good at understanding the meaning of language?

A

Dense interconnections with widespread regions of association cortex and modality - independent representations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What brain part is important in understanding syntax?

A

Left inferior frontal gyrus

21
Q

What brain part is important in comprehension?

A 
Primary auditory cortex
Temporal poles
Left inferior frontal gyrus
Arcuate fasciatus
Left posterior superior temporal gyrus
22
Q

What does brocas aphasia cause?

A

Difficulties with articulation and phonology

23
Q

What is speech like with broca’s aphasia?

A

Halting, fragmented, distorted, agrammatic

24
Q

What is comprehension like with broca’s aphasia?

A

Preserved for words, reduced for sentences

25
Q

What typically causes broca’s aphasia?

A

Middle cerebral artery infarction and haemorrhagic stroke

26
Q

What is speech like in wernickes aphasia?

A

Fluent, often with meaningless phonological strings

27
Q

What is speech like in conduction aphasia?

A

Mild fluency and comprehension difficulties

28
Q

What is speech like in dynamic aphasia?

A

Reduced, fragmentary, echoic, preservative speech

29
Q

What does wernickes aphasia follow damage to?

A

Posterior regions of language network

30
Q

What does conduction aphasia follow damage to?

A

Posterior perisylvian regions and underlying white matter

31
Q

What does dynamic aphasia follow damage to?

A

Anterior left inferior frontal gyrus

32
Q

What are the typical pathologies with wernickes aphasia?

A

Penetrating brain injury, cerebral haemorrhage

33
Q

What are the typical pathologies with conduction aphasia?

A

Lacunar stroke

34
Q

What are the typical pathologies with dynamic aphasia?

A

Left anterior cerebral artery infarction

35
Q

What is a test for conduction aphasia?

A

Single word and sentence repetition

36
Q

What is a test for dynamic aphasia?

A

High vs low constant sentence completion

37
Q

What are the classes of Neurodegeneration?

A

Non-fluent progressive aphasia, fluent progressive aphasia, logopenic progressive aphasia

38
Q

What happens in non fluent progressive aphasia?

A

Slow, distorted, agrammatic speech and production

39
Q

What happens in fluent progressive aphasia?

A

Normal sounding speech rate and production but empty of content

40
Q

What are the symptoms of non fluent progressive aphasia?

A

Phonological and grammatical errors in spontaneous speech,
Good single word comprehension
Difficulty understanding sentences

41
Q

What is the typical pathology owing to non fluent progressive aphasia?

A

Primary tauopathy

42
Q

What are the symptoms of fluent progressive aphasia?

A

Generic word use in spontaneous speech

Profound single word comprehension difficulties

43
Q

What is the location of pathologies in fluent progressive aphasia?

A

Anterior temporal regions

44
Q

What are the typical pathologies for fluent progressive aphasia?

A

TDP-43

45
Q

What do fluent and logopenic progressive aphasia begin with?

A

Subtle word-finding changes

46
Q

What are the symptoms of logopenic progressive aphasia?

A

Poverty of speech output,

occasional errors in syntax and phonology

47
Q

Where is the pathology of logopenic progressive aphasia?

A

Posterior perisylvian

48
Q

What disease causes logopenic progressive aphasia?

A

Alzheimer’s

Physiology 2 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions