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MED 103- BIOLOGY I > 2. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY > Flashcards

2. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is Biology?
A
  • it is the scientific study of life
  • it looks for answers to the question of what is life and how does life work
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2
Q
  1. Can you name 4 fields of focus in Biology?
A
  • how a single cell develops into an animal
  • how plants convert sunlight into sugars
  • how life evolved from microbes to humans
  • environmental issues
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3
Q
  1. What are the 7 common characteristics of living organisms?
A
  • order
  • evolutionary adaptation
  • response to the environment
  • regulation
  • energy processing
  • growth and development
  • reproduction
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4
Q
  1. Name the 7 properties of living organisms.
    It is very important that you know this.
A
  1. All living organisms are composed of cells
  2. Reproduction (using DNA)
  3. Growth and Development
  4. Capable of energy processing (absorb energy from their environment)
  5. Sense their environment and respond to environmental signals
  6. Regulation (eg: homeostasis)
  7. Evolutionary Adaptation (Evolution)
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5
Q
  1. What is the opposite of a cell?
A
  • a virus
  • a virus is a pathogen
  • pathogens are not composed of cells
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6
Q
  1. What are unicellular organisms made of?
    Can you provide an example of such?
A
  • only one cell

EG: Bacteria

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7
Q
  1. What are multicellular organisms made of?
    Can you provide an example of one?
A
  • they are made of more than one cell

EG: stomach

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8
Q
  1. How many cells is the human body made up of?
A
  • more than 200
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9
Q
  1. What do living organisms reproduce using?
A
  • they use DNA
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10
Q
  1. From who is genetic material transferred from?
A
  • it is transferred from the parents to the offspring
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11
Q
  1. What is another name for DNA?
A
  • Genetic Material
  • DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid
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12
Q
  1. What is DNA used for?
A
  • it is a blueprint
  • it allows organisms to develop
  • and to grow
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13
Q
  1. What are plants?
A
  • they are autotrophs
  • they preform photosynthesis
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14
Q
  1. What is photosynthesis?
A
  • it is when a plant converts sunlight to chemical energy
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15
Q
  1. What are animals?
A
  • they are heterotrophs
  • they do no perform photosynthesis
  • they obtain and use energy from their food
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16
Q
  1. What senses do living organisms use to respond to their environment?
A
  • smell
  • touch
  • hearing
  • taste
  • vision
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17
Q
  1. Is it true that some organisms can see, sense and feel things that humans cannot?
A
  • yes
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18
Q
  1. Name one organism that has a great sense of direction?
A
  • dogs
  • this is unlike humans
  • humans lost their great, innate sense of direction due to natural selection
19
Q
  1. What is homeostasis?
A
  • it is the maintenance of constant internal conditions
  • it helps to regulate the bodily systems
20
Q
  1. What is thermoregulation?
A
  • it is a process that maintains the internal temperature of the body
  • it keeps the internal temperature of the body constant always
21
Q
  1. What is the osmoregulation?
A
  • it is a process that brings about constant osmotic pressure in the body

OSMOTIC= a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one

22
Q
  1. What is evolution?
A
  • it is the changes in organisms over time
23
Q
  1. Which micro-organism has a very short evolution?
A
  • bacteria
  • this is because they divide by binary fission
24
Q
  1. What does the Bacteria’s fast evolution period bring about?
A
  • it allows the bacteria to become antibiotic resistant
25
Q
  1. What is Biological Hierarchy?
A
  • the study of life extends from the microscope scale of molecules and cells
  • to the global scale of the entire living planet
26
Q
  1. Why is it important to understand biological hierarchy?
A
  • understanding the hierarchy of biological organisations helps us to understand the interactions from the molecular level to the biosphere level
27
Q
  1. List the 11 factors involved in the Biological Hierarchy?
A
  1. the Biosphere
    which is composed by 2. Ecosystems
    which are composed by 3. Communities
    which are composed by 4. Populations
    which are composed by 5. Organisms
    which are composed by 6. organ systems
    which are composed by 7. organs
    which are composed by 8. tissue
    which are composed by 9. cells
    which are composed by 10. organelles
    which are composed by 11. molecules
28
Q
  1. What are molecules?
A
  • they consist of DNA and proteins
  • they make up everything
29
Q
  1. What are cells?
A
  • they are many different cell types in multicellular organisms
30
Q
  1. What are tissues?
A
  • they are made up by different types of cells
31
Q
  1. What are organs?
A
  • they are made by different types of tissues
    EG: heart, brain
32
Q
  1. What are organ systems?
A
  • they are systems that are made by many different types of organs

EG: heart and blood vessels
which work together to pump blood (cardiovascular system)

33
Q
  1. What are organisms?
A
  • an individual form of life

EG: a specific plant, an animal, bacterium

34
Q
  1. What is a Population?
A
  • a group of organisms of the same type (species) living in a certain area
35
Q
  1. What is a Community?
A
  • groups of different species or organisms living together in the same area
36
Q
  1. What are Ecosystems?
A
  • the communities and their physical environment

EG: a tropical coral reef

37
Q
  1. What are Biomes?
A
  • they are large areas defined by distinct characteristics

EG: a desert biome, tropical rainforest biome, coral reefs

38
Q
  1. What is the Biosphere?
A
  • it is our planet
39
Q
  1. What are the 2 major processes of the dynamics of any ecosystem?
A
  1. Cycling of nutrients
  2. Energy flow
40
Q
  1. What is the Cycling of nutrients?
A
  • the materials acquired by plants eventually return to the soil
41
Q
  1. What is energy flow?
A
  • the energy flows from sunlight
  • to producers
  • to consumers (animals that cannot perform photosynthesis)
42
Q
  1. What are Producers?
A
  • organisms that convert light energy to chemical energy
  • organisms that perform photosynthesis
43
Q
  1. What are consumers?
A
  • organisms that feed on producers
  • or on other organisms
  • they cannot perform photosynthesis
44
Q
  1. Through where does energy flow and in which forms?
A
  • it flows through an ecosystem
  • it enters as sunlight
  • it exits as heat

MED 103- BIOLOGY I (53 decks)

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