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MED 103- BIOLOGY I > 28. ANCHORING JUNCTION TYPES > Flashcards

28. ANCHORING JUNCTION TYPES Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the two types of Anchoring Junctions?
A
  1. Junctions that connect neighbouring cells
    - allow for cell to cell connection
  2. Junctions that connect cells to the Extra Cellular
    Matrix
    - allow for cell to ECM connection
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2
Q
  1. What are the two types of junctions that connect neighbouring cells?
A
  1. Desmosomes
  2. Adherens Junctions
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3
Q
  1. What are the two types of junctions that connect cells to the Extra Cellular Matrix?
A
  1. Focal Adhesions
  2. Hemidesmosomes
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4
Q
  1. What are two examples of Transmembrane Adhesion Linker Proteins?
A
  1. Cadherins
  2. Integrins
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5
Q
  1. What are two examples of Cytoskeletal Filaments?
A
  1. Actin Filaments
  2. Intermediate Filaments
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6
Q
  1. Where do we find Actin Filaments?
A
  • in adherens junctions
  • in focal adhesions
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7
Q
  1. Where do we find Intermediate Filaments?
A
  • in desmosomes
  • in hemidesmosomes
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8
Q
  1. What do Desmosomes function as?
A
  • they function as rivets
  • they fasten cells together into strong sheets
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9
Q
  1. What do Desmosomes anchor to?
A
  • they anchor to the cytoplasm
  • they do this through the intermediate filaments
    (EG: Keratin)
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10
Q
  1. How do Desmosomes connect cells together?
A
  • they connect them via transmembrane adhesion
    proteins
    (EG: Cadherins)
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11
Q
  1. What are the two Intermediate Filaments that Desmosomes connect with?
A
  1. Keratin
    - in the epithelial cells
  2. Desmin
    • in the heart muscle cells
    • in the smooth muscle cells
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12
Q
  1. Where do Desmosomes attach to each other?
A
  • in muscles
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13
Q
  1. What do some muscle tears involve?
A
  • the rupture of desmosomes
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14
Q
  1. What is the Desmosome attachment protein in Epithelial cells?
A
  • Desmoplakin
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15
Q
  1. What is the Desmosome adhesion protein in the Epithelial Cells?
A
  • Cadherin
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16
Q
  1. What do Adherens Junctions create?
A
  • they create an adhesions zone
  • this is also known as an adhesions belt
  • it is found underneath the apical surface of the
    epithelial cells
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17
Q
  1. What do Adherens Junctions connect?
A
  • they connect the plasma membrane of neighbouring cells to each other
  • they do this using transmembrane adhesion proteins
    (EG: cadherins)
18
Q
  1. What do Intracellular attachment proteins do?
A
  • they connect cadherins with actin microfilaments
19
Q
  1. What are three examples of Intracellular Attachment Proteins?
A
  1. Catenins
  2. Vinculin
  3. Actinin
20
Q
  1. What is the difference in structure between Adherens Junctions and Desmosomes?
A
21
Q
  1. What are the two connections that result from Focal Adhesions (adhesion caused by contact)?
A
  1. Extracellular Connection
  2. Intracellular Connection
22
Q
  1. What do Focal Adhesion Extracellular Connections connect?
A
  • they connect cells to the Extra Cellular Matrix
  • they do this through Integrins
    (EG: Transmembrane Proteins)
23
Q
  1. What do Focal Adhesion Intracellular Connections connect?
A
  • they connect Integrin cytoplasmic domains to actin Microfilaments
  • they do this via attachment proteins
    (EG: talin, alpha actinin, vincoulin)
24
Q
  1. Where are Hemidesmosomes found?
A
  • in the basal surface of epithelial cells
25
Q
  1. What two kinds of connections are Hemidesmosomes responsible for?
A
  1. Extracellular Connections
  2. Intracellular Connections
26
Q
  1. What do Extracellular Hemidesmosome Connections connect?
A
  • they stabilise epithelial cells
  • they do this by anchoring them to the Extra Cellular
    Matrix
  • through the use of Integrins
    (such as transmembrane proteins)
  • the integrin binds to the basement membrane laminin
27
Q
  1. What do Intracellular Hemidesmosome Connections connect?
A
  • they connect to the Keratin Intermediate Filaments
  • these are present in epithelial cells
  • they do this using attachment proteins
    (EG: plectin)
28
Q
  1. What is the Basement Membrane (Basal Lamina)?
A
  • it is a specialised Extra Cellular Matrix type
  • it separates the endothelial cell layer from the underlying connective tissue
29
Q
  1. What is Connective Tissue?
A
  • it is a type of tissue that consists mostly of Extra Cellular Matrix that has been secreted by fibroblasts
30
Q
  1. What are two differences between the Desmosome and the Hemidesmosome structures?
A

TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS:
- Cadherin is found in Desmosomes
- Integrin is found in Hemidesmosomes

EXTRACELLULAR ATTACHMENTS:
- there are Cadherins of other cells in Desmosomes
- there are Extra cellular Matrix cells found in
Hemidesmosomes

31
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the Adherens
    Junction:

31.1: What does it connect?
31.2: What is its Transmembrane Linker Protein?
31.3: What is its Extracellular Ligand?
31.4: What is its Intracellular Cytoskeletal Attachment?

A

31.1: Cell to cell

31.2: Cadherin
: E Cadherin

31.3: Cadherin in the neighbouring cell

31.4: Actin Filaments

32
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Desmosome Junctions:

32.1: What does it connect?
32.2: What is its Transmembrane Linker Protein?
32.3: What is its Extracellular Ligand?
32.4: What is its Intracellular Cytoskeletal Attachment?

A

32.1: Cell to cell

32.2: Cadherin
: Desmogleins
: Desmocollins

32.3: Cadherin in the neighbouring cell

32.4: Intermediate Filaments

33
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Focal Adhesion Junctions:

33.1: What does it connect?
33.2: What is its Transmembrane Linker Protein?
33.3: What is its Extracellular Ligand?
33.4: What is its Intracellular Cytoskeletal Attachment?

A

33.1: Cell to Matrix

33.2: Integrin

33.3: Extracellular Matrix Proteins

33.4: Actin Filaments

34
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Hemidesmosome Junctions:

34.1: What does it connect?
34.2: What is its Transmembrane Linker Protein?
34.3: What is its Extracellular Ligand?
34.4: What is its Intracellular Cytoskeletal Attachment?

A

34.1: Cell to Matrix

34.2: Integrin
: Alpha 5 Beta 4

34.3: Extracellular Matrix Proteins
: Basal Lamina Proteins

34.4: Intermediate Filaments

35
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Tight Junctions:

35.1: What are the Transmembrane Proteins?
35.2: What is the Cytoskeletal Connection?
35.3: What is its Type?
35.4: What is its Extracellular Attachment?

A

35.1: Claudins
: Occludins

35.2: Actin Microfilaments

35.3: Occluding

35.4: Cell to Cell

36
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Gap Junctions:

36.1: What are the Transmembrane Proteins?
36.2: What is the Cytoskeletal Connection?
36.3: What is its Type?
36.4: What is its Extracellular Attachment?

A

36.1: Connexins

36.2: N/A

36.3: Communicating

36.4: Cell to Cell

37
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Desmosome Junctions:

37.1: What are the Transmembrane Proteins?
37.2: What is the Cytoskeletal Connection?
37.3: What is its Type?
37.4: What is its Extracellular Attachment?

A

37.1: Cadherins

37.2: Intermediate Filaments

37.3: Anchoring

37.4: Cell to Cell

38
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Adherens Junctions:

38.1: What are the Transmembrane Proteins?
38.2: What is the Cytoskeletal Connection?
38.3: What is its Type?
38.4: What is its Extracellular Attachment?

A

38.1: Cadherins
: E- Cadherins

38.2: Actin Microfilaments

38.3: Anchoring

38.4: Cell to Cell

39
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Hemidesmosome Junctions:

39.1: What are the Transmembrane Proteins?
39.2: What is the Cytoskeletal Connection?
39.3: What is its Type?
39.4: What is its Extracellular Attachment?

A

39.1: Integrins

39.2: Intermediate Filaments

39.3: Anchoring

39.4: Cell to ECM (basement membrane)

40
Q
  1. Answer the following questions about the
    Hemidesmosome Junctions:

40.1: What are the Transmembrane Proteins?
40.2: What is the Cytoskeletal Connection?
40.3: What is its Type?
40.4: What is its Extracellular Attachment?

A

40.1: Integrins

40.2: Actin Microfilaments

40.3: Anchoring

40.4: Cell to ECM (basement membrane)

41
Q
  1. Does this summary make sense?
A
  • yes

MED 103- BIOLOGY I (53 decks)

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