40. CHEMIOSMOSIS IN MITOCHONDRIA Flashcards
- What does the Electron flow (Chemiosmosis) in Mitochondria result in?
- a proton gradient
- it forms in the inter membrane space
- Where is ATP synthesised in the Mitochondria?
- in the Mitochondrial Matrix
- What is the Spacial Organisation of Chemiosmosis in the Mitochondria dependent on?
- The Location and the Orientation of the ATP synthase
- The Proton (H⁺) Accumulation Area
(Proton Gradient)
- Fill in this table.
1 = Inner Membrane
2 = From the Inter Membrane space
= towards the Matrix
3 = in the Inter Membrane Space
4 = Matrix
- What does the Synthesis of one ATP Molecule require?
- the flow of 3 protons
- they must flow to the Mitochondrial Matrix
- they must flow through the ATP Synthase enzyme
- What is the Number of NADH protons that are transferred to the Inter Membrane space?
- 10 protons
- this produces 3 ATP molecules
- there is only a net gain of 2.5 molecules of ATP
25% OF ATP IS USED:
- for the active transport the ATP to the cytosol
- and for the active transport of Pyruvate from the
cytosol into the Mitochondria
- this is why there is not a net gain of 3 ATP molecules
THE ATP THAT IS BEING TRANSPORTED:
- is produced by Oxidative Phosphorylation
- What is the Number of FADH₂ protons that are transferred to the Inter Membrane space?
- 6 protons
- this produces 2 ATP molecules
- there is only a net gain of 1.5 molecules of ATP
25% OF ATP IS USED:
- for the active transport the ATP to the cytosol
- and for the active transport of Pyruvate from the
cytosol into the Mitochondria
- this is why there is not a net gain of 2 ATP molecules
- Fill in the table.
1= 10 H⁺
2= 3 molecules
3= 2.5 molecules
4= 6 H⁺
5= 2 molecules
6= 1.5 molecules
- How many molecules of ATP are produced from 1 Glucose Molecule?
- 38 molecules
- State the three stages of Aerobic Cellular Respiration and their products?
- GLYCOLYSIS:
- 2 Pyruvates
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- CITRIC ACID CYCLE:
Products per one Pyruvate Molecule:- 3 CO2
- 1 ATP
- 4 NADH
- 1 FADH₂
Products per one Glucose Molecule (2 Krebs Cycles):
- 6 CO2
- 2 ATP
- 8 NADH
- 2 FADH₂
- OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION:
- 32 or 34 ATP
TOTAL ATP PRODUCTION:
- 36 or 38 ATP molecules
- Fill in the table.
1 = 2 ATP, 2 NADH
2 = 2 NADH
3 = 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂
4 = 30 ATP
(10 from NADH) + 4 ATP (from 2 FADH₂)
5 = 38 ATP
- Fill in the table.
1 = 2 ATP, 2 NADH
2 = 2 NADH
3 = 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂
4 = 25 ATP
(10 from NADH) + 3 ATP (from 2 FADH₂)
5 = 32 ATP
- What are the three reasons as to why ATP molecule numbers are not exact?
- SOME ATP IS SPENT FOR MOVING ATP:
- this ATP that is being moved was produced in the
mitochondrion - it is being moved to the cytosol
- it will be used for Cellular work
- this ATP that is being moved was produced in the
- ATP PRODUCTION:
- depends on the type of Electron shuttle
- the Electron Shuttle is used to transport electrons
from the Cytosolic NADH - to the Mitochondrion
- SOME ENERGY IS USED FOR THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT:
- of Pyruvate
- Pyruvate is produced by Glycolysis
- Pyruvate is transported from the cytosol into the
Mitochondrion
- What produces Cytosolic NADH?
- Glycolysis
- What happens to the Cytosolic NADh when it is transported to the Mitochondrion?
- it undergoes Oxidative Phosphorylation
- What happens if the electrons from Cytosolic NADH pass to the Mitochondrial NAD+?
(EG: liver cells)
- there are 2 NADH from Glycolysis
- they produce 6 ATP molecules
(2 NADH x 3 ATP = 6 ATP)
- What happens if the electrons from Cytosolic NADH pass to the Mitochondrial FAD?
(EG: brain cells)
- there are 2 FADH₂ from Glycolysis
- they produce 4 ATP molecules
(2 FADH₂ x 3 ATP = 6 ATP)
