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med 103- biology i > 43. INTERPHASE > Flashcards

43. INTERPHASE Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is interphase?
A
  • this is the period between cell divisions
  • it is the larger phase of the Cell Cycle
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2
Q
  1. Which phases does Interphase consist of?
A
  • G1 Phase
  • S Phase
    (DNA Replication)
  • G2 Phase

NB: this is the phase where the cell decides if it will
proceed with cell division

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3
Q
  1. What does the cell have to accomplish before Cell Division?
A
  • REPLICATION OF CELL COMPONENTS:
    (organelles, membranes, proteins)
  • REPLICATION OF CHROMOSOMES
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4
Q
  1. Why does genetic information need to replicate?
A
  • this allows for daughter cells to have the same
    genome as the parental cells
  • this ensures their survival
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5
Q
  1. Within Interphase, what activities does the G1 Phase consist of?
A
  • the preparation for DNA replication
  • protein synthesis
  • organelle production
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6
Q
  1. Within Interphase, what is the duration of the G1 phase?
A
  • 5 to 6 hours
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7
Q
  1. Within Interphase, what activities does the S Phase consist of?
A
  • replication
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8
Q
  1. Within Interphase, how long is the S Phase?
A
  • 10 to 12 hours
  • this is half the duration of the total cell cycle
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9
Q
  1. Within Interphase, what activities does the G2 phase consist of?
A
  • the preparation for cell division (Mitosis)
  • protein synthesis
  • organelle production
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10
Q
  1. Within Interphase, what is the duration of the G2 Phase?
A
  • 4 to 6 hours
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11
Q
  1. What is a Genome?
A
  • it is the complete set of genetic information of a cell
  • this consists of all the DNA of the cell
  • it consists of all the genes of the cell
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12
Q
  1. What are all DNA molecules within the cell packaged into?
A
  • chromosomes
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13
Q
  1. What are Eukaryotic Chromosomes?
A
  • they are huge, coiled chromosomes
  • these feed the nucleus
  • each chromosomes carries thousands of genes
  • THEY CONSIST OF CHROMATIN:
    • this is a complex of DNA and proteins
    • these are known as histones
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14
Q
  1. What are the 2 types of cells according to their chromosomal content in humans?
A
  1. Somatic Cells
  2. Gametes
    (Reproductive Cells)
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15
Q
  1. How many Somatic Cells are found in humans?
A
  • they are diploid cells (2n)
  • they have 2 sets of 23 chromosomes
  • they have 46 chromosomes in total
  • this means that there are 23 chromosome pairs
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16
Q
  1. What does each Somatic Homologous Chromosome Pair Consist of?
A
  • 1 paternal chromosome
  • 1 maternal chromosome
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17
Q
  1. How many Gametes (Reproductive cells) are found in the human body?
A
  • Gametes are haploid cells (1n)
  • they have one set of chromosomes
  • there are 23 chromosomes present
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18
Q
  1. What does each Gamete consist of?
A
  • they have only one chromosome
  • this is either a maternal or paternal chromosome
  • it comes from each homologous chromosome pair
  • this is what ensures a complete genome set
19
Q
  1. What are Homologous Chromosomes?
A
  • they carry the same genes are the same positions
20
Q
  1. What is the state of the structure of the chromosomes during Interphase?
A
  • they are not condensed
  • they are loosely packed
21
Q
  1. What is the state of the chromosomes during the G1 phase of Interphase?
A
  • each chromosome consists of one chromatid
  • there has been no replication yet
22
Q
  1. What is the state of the chromosomes in the G2 phase of Interphase?
A
  • each duplicated chromosome has 2 sister
    chromatids
  • these are joined at the centromere
23
Q
  1. What happens to the Chromatids during Mitosis?
A

THE CHROMOSOMES CONDENSE:
- they can be seen with a light microscope

THE SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE
- each future daughter cell receives one chromatid

24
Q
  1. What is the Centromere?
A
  • this is the point where two sister chromatids join
25
Q
  1. Provide the description for Label 1.
A

BEFORE THE DUPLICATION:
- each chromosome has a single DNA molecule

26
Q
  1. Provide a description for Label 2.
A

ONCE THE CHROMOSOME HAS DUPLICATED:
- it now consists of two sister chromatids
- these are connected at the centromere
- each chromatid contains a copy of the DNA
molecule

27
Q
  1. Provide a description for Label 3.
A

MECHANICAL PROCESSES:
- separate the sister chromatids into two chromosomes
- they distribute the sister chromatids into the two
daughter cells

28
Q
  1. What is the symbol for the label “Tetraploid Cells”?
A
  • 4n
29
Q
  1. What process does the Mitotic Phase (M) consist of?
A
  1. MITOSIS:
    • this is the division of the nucleus
  2. CYTOKINESIS:
    • division of the cytoplasm
      NB: this is not a part of Mitosis
30
Q
  1. What 5 phases does Mitosis consist of?
A
  1. Prophase
  2. Prometaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
31
Q
  1. What phase is this showing?
A
  • G2 of Interphase

GREEN COLOUR:
- shows the centrosomes
- these duplicate during the S Phase

32
Q
  1. What phase is this showing?
A
  • Prophase

NB:
MITOTIC SPINDLE is made of microtubules

33
Q
  1. What phase is this showing?
A
  • Prometaphase

NB:
- this phase begins once the nuclear envelope has
completely fermented

  • this is also the phase where chromosomes are
    condensed into discrete chromosomes
34
Q
  1. What phase is this showing?
A
  • Metaphase

NB:
- this is where the chromosomes align along the
centre of the cell

35
Q
  1. What phase is this showing?
A
  • Anaphase
  • this is when chromosome separation into
    chromatids occurs
36
Q
  1. What phases are shown here?
A
  • Telophase
  • Cytokinesis

NB:
- this is when the Chromatids de-condense
- new nuclei will form

37
Q
  1. Does this summary make sense?
A
  • yes
38
Q
  1. Does this summary make sense?
A
  • yes
39
Q
  1. Does this summary make sense?
A
  • yes
40
Q
  1. Answer the following question.
A
  • 52 chromosomes
  • the number stays unchanged
41
Q
  1. Answer the following question.
A
  • Metaphase of Meiosis = 4n
  • 84/4 = 21
    ∴ 21 chromosomes
42
Q
  1. Answer the following question.
A

(a) n = 32
4n x 8= 32

(b) n = 32
4n x 8= 32

(c) n = 16
2n x 8 = 16

43
Q
  1. Answer the following question.
A

(a) 46 chromosomes
(b) 92 chromosomes

44
Q
  1. Answer the following question.
A

B

med 103- biology i (53 decks)

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