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Biology 11 > 1.2 Science of Classification > Flashcards

1.2 Science of Classification Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Scientists use __________ to help identify organisms

A

Dichotomous Keys

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2
Q

What is a dichotomous key?

A

a series of questions about how an organism looks to help identify it.

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3
Q

taxonomy definition

A

the science of naming, identifying and classifying species

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4
Q

Taxonomical Classification

A

-Organizes species into groups based on
relatedness
-Helps scientists better understand how species are
related

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5
Q

Inbreeding of one species will reduce ____________

A

genetic diversity

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6
Q

Consequences of inbreeding one species

A

Epilepsy, breathing problems twisted stomachs, hip dysplasia

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7
Q

Based on what did Linnaeus classify organisms?

A

He categorized organisms based on Morphology (How they looked)

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8
Q

What did Linnaeus develop?

A

Developed binomial nomenclature

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9
Q

What is Binomial Nomenclature?

A

-Two part Latin name of an organism; genus followed by species
-Names must be Italicized or underlined

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10
Q

Not all organisms belong to the same ____ so different species are grouped into separate categories

A

genus

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11
Q

What are the 7 taxonomical levels?

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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12
Q

How many races/species of homo sapiens exist today?

A

-There is only one species or ‘’race’’ of humans currently alive today.
(The term “race” has been misused by people to promote subjugation of others based on appearance)

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13
Q

Ursus Americanus

A

American Black Bear

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14
Q

Ursus Maritimus

A

Polar Bear

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15
Q

Ursus horribilis

A

Grizzly Bear

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16
Q

We now can organize species based on their evolution using ______________

A

genetic analysis

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17
Q

Why was the red panda was once believed to be related to the great panda?

A

The red panda was once believed to be related to the great panda based on their morphological similarities

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18
Q

What did genetics prove about the red panda?

A

Genetics proved the red panda is more related to raccoons

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19
Q

Phylogeny definition

A

the evolutionary development of a group of organisms

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20
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

a diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationships between species

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21
Q

Taxon – (pl. Taxa)

A

a group of related organisms

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22
Q

Common Ancestor

A

an ancestor shared by two or more species

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23
Q

Domain

A

the broadest category of life

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24
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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25
Describe the domain bacteria
Prokaryotic Single Celled Cell walls with peptidoglycan (sugar) Autotrophic/ Heterotrophic No membrane bound nucleus
26
Describe the domain archaea
Prokaryotic Single Celled Cell walls WITHOUT Peptidoglycan Autotrophic/ Heterotrophic No membrane bound nucleus Very Similar to Bacteria (Pyrococcus furiosa and Thermoproteus are hyperthermophiles)
27
Describe the domain eukarya
Eukaryotic Single or Multicellular Membrane bound nucleus Split into FOUR major kingdoms: Protista* Fungi Plantae Animalia
28
Why are protists not a true group?
Protists are a collection of oddball organisms and are not a true group
29
Describe the kingdom Protista
Cell walls of Cellulose Mostly single celled (unicellular); colonial and multicellular Heterotrophic/Autotrophic Can be Animal, plant or fungus-like Ex. Amoeba Paramecium
30
Describe the kingdom Fungi
Cell walls of Chitin Mostly multicellular; can be unicellular Breaks down organic matter into nutrients
31
Describe the kingdom Plantae
Cell walls of Cellulose Contain Chloroplasts (Photosynthetic organelles) Mostly multicellular; unicellular Autotrophic Mosses, Ferns, Flowering Plants etc.
32
Describe the kingdom Animalia
Cell Membrane (No cell walls/No Chloroplasts) Multicellular Heterotrophic Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Mammals, Insects etc.
33
Kingdom of bacteria
eubacteria
34
cell type of bacteria
prokaryote
35
cell structures of bacteria
Cell walls with peptidoglycan, a coat of sugars
36
number of cells in bacteria
unicellular
37
mode of nutrition of bacteria
Makes its own food or eats other organisms
38
examples of bacteria
Staphylococcus, Salmonella
39
kingdom of archaea
archaebacteria
40
cell type of archaea
prokaryote
41
cell structures of archaea
Cell walls WITHOUT peptidoglycan
42
number of cells in archaea
unicellular
43
mode of nutrition of archaea
Makes its own food or eats other organisms
44
kingdoms in Eukarya
protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
45
cell type of protista
eukaryote
46
cell structures of protista
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
47
number of cells in protista
Most unicellular, some colonial, some multicellular
48
mode of nutrition of protista
Makes its own food or eats other organisms
49
examples of protista
Amoeba, Paramecium, blue green algae
50
cell type of fungi
eukaryote
51
cell structures of fungi
Cell walls of chitin
52
number of cells in fungi
Most multicellular, some unicellular
53
mode of nutrition of fungi
Breaks down organic matter into nutrients
54
examples of fungi
mold, mushrooms
55
cell type of plantae
eukaryote
56
cell structures of plantae
Cell walls of cellulose, chloroplasts
57
number of cells in plantae
Most multicellular, some unicellular
58
mode of nutrition of plantae
Makes its own food
59
examples of plantae
Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants
60
cell type of animalia
eukaryote
61
cell structures in animalia
NO cell walls or chloroplasts
62
number of cells in animalia
multicellular
63
mode of nutrition of animalia
Eats other organisms
64
examples of animalia
Jellyfish, worms, insects, birds, mammals
65
How does the classification of organisms lead to a better understanding of biodiversity?
A good understanding of biodiversity requires a systematic approach to classifying living things that go beyond the physical appearance of organisms -The classification of an organism often provides useful information about its evolutionary history and which other organisms are related to it.
66
What are some advantages of using binomial nomenclature?
-every organism on earth has a unique name which allows it to be identified -efficient and used everywhere
67
What is a dichotomous key and how is it used?
tool used by scientists and non-scientists to identify organisms with which they are unfamiliar -poses a series of questions about an organism, and each question asks users to choose between two possible characteristics that the organism may have
68
Why are common names like daisy and mountain lion often the source of confusion for scientists?
Common names often refer to many different species and even organisms that are very different from each other -Common names also vary from region to region. So they often can be very confusing to anyone but the locals in the region where they are used
69
List the major taxonomic ranks in Linnaean classification from largest to smallest
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
70
What are the six kingdoms of life?
Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
71
What is the major difference between organisms that belong to the domain Eukarya and organisms that belong to the domains Bacteria and Archaea?
bacteria+archaea vs. eukarya -unicellular vs multicellular -cell walls vs. no cell walls -no nucleus vs. nucleus -no organelles vs. organelles
72
The scientific name for the brown bear is Ursus arctos. What does each part of the name represent?
first part (genus), second part (species)
73
Explain how the terms “species” and “organism” are similar and different
According to the biological species concept, organisms belong to the same species if they can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring. An “organism” is an individual. A “species” is a population of organisms.
74
What is a major problem of traditional Linnaean classification? Give an example that demonstrates this problem
taxonomists encounter difficulties when they use only anatomical similarities and differences to classify organisms. For example, koala bears, polar bears, and giant pandas look somewhat similar anatomically, but deeper analysis reveals major differences among the three species
75
The family that contains wolves and foxes is characterized by complex social structures. If dingoes are a part of the same family, what information do you know about these animals?
they share similar characteristics to wolves and foxes
76
Explain why scientists have had difficulty in classifying the giant panda.
-Giant pandas share many characteristics with red pandas and raccoons, making the species challenging to classify. -After analyzing the DNA of these organisms, scientists have determined that giant pandas are more closely related to bears than red pandas or raccoons

Biology 11 (58 decks)

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