ch 11 review

Question 1

What is the function of the circulatory
system?

Answer 1

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, distributes nutrients to body cells, and removes cellular wastes.

Question 2

List the three main components of the
circulatory system

Answer 2

heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 3

describe the three primary components of the circulatory system

Answer 3

Blood, a type of connective tissue made
up of cells and fluids, carries both nutrients and wastes

Blood flows in blood vessels, which are tubes that form a pipeline within the body

Blood is pumped through the body by the heart

Question 4

What role does hemoglobin play in your
blood?

Answer 4

Hemoglobin is essential for transferring oxygen in your blood from the lungs to the tissues

Question 5

What two types of blood vessels does an
arteriole connect?

Answer 5

arteries + capillaries

Question 6

Explain how a nutrient gets from your blood
into your cells

Answer 6

diffusion

The process of molecules diffusing out of the blood and into the cells occurs in the capillaries

Some small molecules, such as oxygen and
carbon dioxide, diffuse across membranes or pass through gaps between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall.

Question 7

What is the function of a heart valve?

Answer 7

The valves prevent the backward flow of blood.

these valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle.

Question 8

pulmonary circuit

Answer 8

blood travels from the right side of your heart
through the pulmonary arteries to your lungs

Question 9

systemic circuit

Answer 9

oxygen-rich blood from the lungs gathers in the
left atrium and is then pumped to the left ventricle

Question 10

Which are functions of plasma proteins?
I) Carry oxygen
II) Control body temperature
III) Transport vitamins
IV) Fight infections

Answer 10

lll and lV

Question 11

_____, which are involved in the clotting process, are cell fragments that originate when the cytoplasm of certain bone marrow cells divides.

Answer 11

platelets

Question 12

What is not a characteristic of veins?

-Thick layer of smooth muscle

-Outer layer of connective tissue

-Inner wall of epithelium tissue

-One-way valves

Answer 12

thick layer of smooth muscle

Question 13

Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from blood to cells that require them across the thin walls of…

capillaries.

arteries.

red blood cells.

veins.

Answer 13

capillaries

Question 14

What condition is the result of inadequate function of the lymphatic system?

High blood pressure

Hemophilia

Anemia

Edema

Answer 14

edema

Question 15

Which are functions of the lymphatic system?
I) Provide immunity
II) Remove old and damaged red blood cells
III) Return fluid to the circulatory system
IV) Control the volume of circulating blood

Answer 15

l, ll, lll, lV

Question 16

White blood cells mature in the butterfly-shaped organ called…

Answer 16

thymus

Question 17

In what year was the stethoscope invented?

1500 BC

1588

1816

1971

Answer 17

1816

Question 18

The heart is made almost entirely of…

epithelium.

fatty tissue.

connective tissue.

muscle.

Answer 18

muscle

Question 19

A protective sac, called the _____, encloses the heart.

aorta

vena cava

atrium

pericardium

Answer 19

pericardium

Question 20

Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?

Left ventricle

Right aorta

Left aorta

Right ventricle

Answer 20

left ventricle

Question 21

The _____ receive(s) blood returning to the heart.

atria

pericardium

vena cava

ventricles

Answer 21

atria

Question 22

Blood depleted of oxygen returns to the heart via the …

right and left pulmonary arteries.

inferior and superior vena cava.

pulmonary veins.

aorta.

Answer 22

inferior and superior vena cava.

Question 23

What does the atrioventricular node do?

Coordinates the heart beat

Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Prevents back-flow of blood into the atrium

Separates the atria from the ventricles

Answer 23

coordinates the heartbeat

Question 24

What is the highest recorded pressure when the ventricles contract?

Interstolic

Intrastolic

Systolic

Diastolic

Answer 24

Systolic

Question 25

Which things can an exercise stress test measure? I) Electrical activity of the heart II) Heart rate III) Respiratory rate IV) Blood pressure

Answer 25

all

Question 26

What is not a significant component of arterial plaque? Red blood cells Calcium Fat deposits Cholesterol

Answer 26

rbcs

Question 27

A narrowing of the arteries caused by plaque buildup is called arteriosclerosis atherosclerosis. arrhythmia. hypertension. aneurysm.

Answer 27

atherosclerosis

Question 28

What is angina pectoris? Stroke Chest pains Arrhythmia Sudden cardiac arrest

Answer 28

chest pains

Question 29

In a particular medical procedure, an expandable tube is placed in a clogged artery. The tube is expanded to allow blood to flow through the artery. What is this procedure called? Defibrillation Coronary bypass Angioplasty Heart palpitation

Answer 29

angioplasty

Question 30

A middle-aged woman comes into emergency with a sudden and extremely painful headache. An MRI scan is performed and reveals that she has a large blood clot in her brain due to a swollen and burst artery. What is she most likely suffering from? Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Arrhythmia Stroke

Answer 30

Aneurysm

Question 31

Which are negative health effects of smoking and second-hand smoke? I) Chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage your heart and blood vessel tissues II) Tobacco smoke reduces your body's absorption of HDL, or good cholesterol III) Nicotine in tobacco smoke increases your heart rate and blood pressure IV) The carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke reduces the amount of oxygen in your blood, making your heart work harder

Answer 31

l, lll, lV

Question 32

Why is LDL cholesterol bad for your cardiovascular health? It promotes weight gain It interferes with the heart's electrical system and can cause arrhythmia It becomes part of the plaque inside arteries It dilates arteries making them less efficient

Answer 32

It becomes part of the plaque inside arteries

Question 33

What is LEAST likely to lead to hypertension? Smoking tobacco products Diet containing HDL cholesterol Excess body weight Not enough exercise

Answer 33

Diet containing HDL cholesterol

Question 34

Once materials pass out of a capillary, they enter... the plasma. the blood stream. fluid surrounding the cells. the cells. right answer feedback:

Answer 34

fluid surrounding the cells.

Question 35

_____ keep(s) lymphatic fluid from flowing backward into the capillaries. Lymph nodes Valves Diffusion Platelets

Answer 35

valves

Question 36

The _____ carry (carries) oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart. systemic circuit arteries lymphatic system pulmonary circuit

Answer 36

pulmonary circuit

Question 37

The _____ carry (carries) blood to the heart from the lungs and the rest of the body. arteries pulmonary circuit systemic circuit veins

Answer 37

veins

Question 38

What is the pathway that blood follows during a heartbeat?

Answer 38

veins > atria > ventricles > arteries Veins always return blood to the heart, and therefore always empty into the atria. Arteries always take blood away from the heart, and therefore always lead out of the ventricles.

Question 39

When measuring blood pressure, the first number is the _____ pressure and the second number is the _____ pressure. diastolic; systolic weakest; strongest pulmonary; ventricular systolic; diastolic

Answer 39

systolic; diastolic

Question 40

Unlike mature red blood cells, white blood cells have _____ and _____. nuclei; mitochondria organelles; cellular membranes cell walls; cellular membranes DNA; cell walls

Answer 40

nuclei; mitochondria

Question 41

Under which condition is a person most likely to experience angina pectoris? When hypertension develops When there is a partial blockage in a coronary artery When an artery wall bursts When a clot forms in an artery going to the brain

Answer 41

When there is a partial blockage in a coronary artery

Question 42

Which statements about cholesterol are true? I) Cholesterol is a part of every cell membrane in your body II) Your liver manufactures cholesterol III) All types of cholesterol are bad for your health IV) Cholesterol is a component of arterial plaque

Answer 42

l, ll, lV

Question 43

What is a healthy blood pressure reading for a teenager? 140/90 170/100 120/65 85/50

Answer 43

120/65

Question 44

what makes up fifty-five percent of the volume of blood

Answer 44

plasma

Question 45

a protein that binds oxygen in the lungs

Answer 45

hemoglobin

Question 46

microscopic blood vessels with a high surface area

Answer 46

capillaries

Question 47

blood vessels that transport blood to the heart

Answer 47

veins

Question 48

valves located between the atria and ventricles

Answer 48

atrioventricular valves

Question 49

area of the heart muscle that sets heart rate

Answer 49

pacemaker

Question 50

collects the fluid that leaves capillaries

Answer 50

lymphatic system

Question 51

valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Answer 51

pulmonary valve

Question 52

artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to all body systems

Answer 52

aorta

Question 53

chemicals made by the endocrine system

Answer 53

hormones

Question 54

a bulge in the wall of an artery

Answer 54

aneurysm

Question 55

a blood clot forms in an artery going to the brain

Answer 55

stroke

Question 56

a fat manufactured by the liver

Answer 56

cholesterol

Question 57

used for measuring blood pressure

Answer 57

sphygmomanometer

Question 58

highest recorded pressure in an artery

Answer 58

systolic pressure

Question 59

lowest recorded pressure in an artery

Answer 59

diastolic pressure

Question 60

a patchwork of cholesterol, calcium, and fat deposits

Answer 60

plaque

Question 61

a narrowing of the arteries resulting from plaque

Answer 61

atherosclerosis

Question 62

blood supply to heart tissue is slowed or stopped

Answer 62

heart attack

Question 63

an advanced stage of plaque build-up, arteries harden

Answer 63

arteriosclerosis

Question 64

the heart abruptly stops functioning

Answer 64

cardiac arrest

Question 65

There is a portable machine that is available in many airports, universities, sports stadiums, etc. It can diagnose the heart's rhythm and administer a therapeutic dose of electricity to the heart if necessary (the paddles are not attached here). What is this machine called?

Answer 65

defibrillator

Question 66

arteries that supply the heart muscle with nutrients

Answer 66

coronary arteries

Question 67

define the term "lymph"

Answer 67

Lymph is a clear, watery fluid made up of protein molecules, salt, glucose, and other substances.

Question 68

How does the lymphatic system return fluid to the circulatory system?

Answer 68

-Lymph collects in a system of lymph vessels, which have valves that prevent lymph from flowing back toward the capillaries. -The combination of muscle contractions squeezing the vessels and the one-way valves helps fluid move through the lymphatic system. -Eventually, lymph drains into the circulatory system near the heart.

Question 69

What is the usual range of the heart rate for an average adult?

Answer 69

A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Question 70

What causes the sounds of the heart beating?

Answer 70

When the valves close, they cause the familiar heart sound of “lub dub.” The “lub” sound is the atrioventricular valves closing, while the “dub” sound happens when the pulmonary and aortic valves close.

Question 71

Explain how the pacemaker regulates contractions

Answer 71

The heart's pacemaker sends out an electrical signal (impulse) that spreads throughout the heart along electrical pathways. These pathways transmit the signal from the upper to the lower chambers of the heart, which causes the heart muscle to contract.

Question 72

What is the difference in meaning between the terms systole and diastole?

Answer 72

Systole and diastole are two phases of the cardiac cycle that occur as the heartbeats, which pump blood through the system of blood vessels carrying blood to each part of the body. Systole occurs when the heart contracts, pumping blood out Diastole takes place when the heart relaxes after contraction

Question 73

What two factors determine blood pressure?

Answer 73

-cardiac output and resistance in arteries cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart each minute resistance in arteries is related to the elasticity in the arteries -e.g. if the arteries do not expand easily and instead resist the flow of blood, the pressure of the blood on the arterial walls increases.

Question 74

What is a normal blood pressure reading for a young adult?

Answer 74

Blood pressure in a healthy young adult might vary between about 110 and 130 over 70 to 90, with an average of about 120/80

Question 75

What is the difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?

Answer 75

atherosclerosis -narrowing of the arteries resulting from plaque building up inside the artery wall arteriosclerosis -arteries narrow and harden, leading to poor circulation of blood throughout the body

Question 76

What causes a stroke?

Answer 76

A stroke occurs if a blood clot forms in an artery going to the brain

Question 77

How does smoking affect the circulatory system?

Answer 77

Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals that can damage the tissues of your heart and blood vessels. Nicotine, a chemical found in tobacco smoke, narrows your blood vessels and increases your heart rate and blood pressure. The carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke replaces some of the oxygen in your blood, which forces your heart to work harder to supply enough oxygen

Question 78

Why is HDL called “good” cholesterol?

Answer 78

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is sometimes called “good cholesterol” as it helps remove excess cholesterol from the tissues and arteries

Question 79

Why is LDL called “bad” cholesterol?

Answer 79

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is sometimes called “bad cholesterol” because it becomes part of the plaque in the arteries.

Question 80

Why do some large veins have valves?

Answer 80

prevents blood from flowing backward

Question 81

Why do arteries not need valves?

Answer 81

Arteries don't require valves because pressure from the heart is so strong that blood is only able to flow in one direction

Question 82

A person with a low red blood cell count may often feel tired. Why?

Answer 82

not getting enough oxygen

Question 83

Why could a very high systolic pressure be dangerous?

Answer 83

Having a high systolic blood pressure over time can increase the risk of strokes, heart disease and chronic kidney disease.

Question 84

What is the name of the major artery that leads out of the heart? (b) Describe physical characteristics that you would expect to find in this blood vessel

Answer 84

aorta -cane-shaped artery -starts in the lower-left chamber of your heart (ventricle) -from there, it extends up toward your head a short distance before curving down -the aorta passes through your chest and abdominal cavities and ends at your pelvis

Question 85

How does your blood move back to your heart even though the pressure in your veins is low?

Answer 85

Muscle contractions and valves that prevent back flow help blood to move back to your heart

Question 86

Explain the error in the following statement. “All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.”

Answer 86

Most arteries in your body carry oxygen-rich blood and most veins carry oxygen-depleted blood. However, the blood vessels in the pulmonary circuit do the exact opposite. Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs

Question 87

Explain why the loss of regular heart rhythm could result in serious illness or even death.

Answer 87

irregular heartbeats sometimes lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure and other cardiovascular complications, which can result in death

Question 88

An individual’s blood pressure was measured several times over the course of a day, and the reading was 145/90. (a) Explain why a doctor may have reason to be concerned with this blood pressure measurement. (b) Explain why the blood pressure was measured at different times of the day

Answer 88

a) that blood pressure is considered high b) blood pressure can change during the day depending on several factors like small changes in daily life, such as stress, exercise or even how well you slept the night before

Question 89

Why might you infer that the left ventricle would be more muscular than the right ventricle?

Answer 89

The left ventricle is the main powerhouse of the heart, having to pump blood all the way around the systemic circulation. Because of this it has the largest, most muscular walls of any of the chambers.