Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 11 > ch 10 review > Flashcards

ch 10 review Flashcards

1
Q

When you eat a variety of healthy foods, you provide your body with all _____ types of nutrients.

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and water are sometimes called _____, because your body needs so much of them on a daily basis.

A

macronutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of these molecules can the cells of your body use directly without modification?

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

You should eat meat alternatives often, according to Canada’s Food Guide. Which of these foods is a meat alternative?

Chicken

Beans

Egg

Fish

A

beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When the body needs energy, it breaks down _____, stored in the liver, into _____.

A

glycogen; glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why does a gram of fat release more energy than a gram of protein or carbohydrate?

A

The carbon atoms in fats generally have more carbon-to-hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which nutrient cannot be stored in your body?

A

essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of these fats in small amounts is an important part of a healthy diet?
I) Canola oil
II) Lard
III) Butter
IV) Olive oil

A

l and lV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If you picture carbohydrates, proteins, and fats as the building blocks in your body, then organic nutrients called _____ are the tools to help put them together.

A

vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which nutrient is composed of amino acids?

A

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydrolysis is a process in which

A

a food molecule is split into smaller parts by the addition of a molecule of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What digestive process in your body will disassemble a protein into its constituent amino acids?

A

chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ is the contraction of smooth muscles to propel contents through the digestive tract.

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ in the colon produce important vitamins, including Vitamin K and some B vitamins.

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which organ produces bile, which is released into the small intestine to prepare fats for hydrolysis?

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nutrient-laden blood from the small intestine travels to the _____ where many of the nutrients are converted into new substances, such as proteins.

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In which organ can an acidic nutrient-rich liquid called chyme be found?

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In some mammals, a particular organ processes cellulose and other materials. In humans, this organ contains white blood cells and plays a role in immunity. Which organ is it?

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the small intestine is lined with small projections,
what is the function of these projections?

A

Increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The raw material for making enzymes is provided by which type of nutrient?

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The chemical bonds within larger molecules of food are broken during the process of

A

chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chemical digestion takes place in the mouth with the aid of

A

saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Food moves from your mouth toward your stomach due to

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which condition occurs when acid from the stomach frequently spills back up into the esophagus?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Digestion is completed and absorption of most nutrients takes place in the

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A major function of the _____ is to reabsorb water.

A

large intestine

27
Q

Elements you require in inorganic form are called

A

minerals

28
Q

Which is an example of a nutraceutical?

Olive oil

Cabbage

Probiotic yogurt

Omega-3 fatty acids

A

Omega-3 fatty acid

29
Q

Which component of saliva helps fight infection by digesting the walls of bacteria that may enter the mouth?

A

lysozyme

30
Q

proteins that speed up chemical reactions

A

enzymes

31
Q

a chain of many glucose molecules that stores blood sugar

A

glycogen

32
Q

the main form of fuel for work done by the body’s cells

A

glucose

33
Q

a complex molecule constructed from amino acids

A

protein

34
Q

has health benefits that are beyond normal nutrition

A

functional foods

35
Q

inorganic nutrients, such as calcium, iron, and phosphorus

A

minerals

36
Q

purified from foods and taken like a medicine to provide health benefits

A

nutraceutical

37
Q

a digestive tract with two openings

A

alimentary canal

38
Q

a muscular valve

A

sphincter

39
Q

a short tube shared by the digestive and respiratory system

A

pharynx

40
Q

undigested food and other waste products

A

feces

41
Q

final portion of the colon

A

rectum

42
Q

mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and mucus

A

gastric juice

43
Q

the first section of the small intestine

A

duodenum

44
Q

small, finger-like projections on the wall of the small intestine

A

villi

45
Q

liquid formed from the bolus by stomach churning action

A

chyme

46
Q

structures that transport fluid away from cells

A

lymph vessels

47
Q

Which of the following is not true about the six types of essential nutrients?

People who do not eat animal products must eat the right combination of plant products to get the correct ones

Your body’s cells can make minerals

They must be ingested as your body can’t produce them

It’s possible to consume harmful amounts of an essential nutrient

A

Your body’s cells can make minerals

48
Q

Which of these animals is most likely to have the longest alimentary canal in relation to its body size?

cow

bat

snake

A

cow

49
Q

The stomach (alongside the spleen) secretes which of the following?

I) Amylase
II) Hydrochloric acid
III) Mucus
IV) Bile

A

ll and lll

50
Q

provide the body with raw materials for
growth and repair

A

proteins

51
Q

Why is it important to chew your food
thoroughly?

A

The physical process of chewing food in your mouth helps to break down larger particles of food into smaller particles, increasing the surface area and making it easier for nutrients to be broken down for absorption.

52
Q

(a) Define saliva.
(b) Explain its role in digestion

A

watery liquid that contains digestive enzymes,
mucus, and other chemicals to help chemically digest your food

-Saliva contains special enzymes that help digest the starches in your food. An enzyme called amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which your body can more easily absorb.

53
Q

How does bile help in the digestion of fats?

A

Although bile contains no enzymes, it has substances that help prepare fats for hydrolysis.

Bile separates small fat droplets, which enables digestive enzymes to break down the fats more efficiently

54
Q

role of pancreas

A

-pancreas also secretes digestive juice.
-Pancreatic juice is a clear alkaline liquid that neutralizes the acidic chyme and contains enzymes
that further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
-Pancreatic enzymes, along with enzymes secreted by the lining of the small intestine, complete the chemical digestion of food

55
Q

role of liver

A

modifies and detoxifies substances absorbed by
the digestive tract before the blood carries these materials to the heart for distribution to the rest of the body

produces bile

56
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

occurs when acid from the stomach spills back up into the esophagus so frequently that it harms the lining of the esophagus.

57
Q

causes of GERD

A

Since smoking, drinking alcohol, and excess eating
seem to make this condition worse, doctors suggest that they be avoided

58
Q

Ulcer + causes

A

If the stomach lining is broken down it becomes
irritated by gastric acid. The gastric acid can also
spill into other parts of the digestive system and
irritate the tissues of nearby organs. Sores found in
the stomach lining, esophagus or the upper small
intestine are called peptic ulcers.

59
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

the intestines become
irritated and inflamed and develop many ulcers,
causing abdominal pain and diarrhea. Two common inflammatory bowel diseases are ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis is found in continuous sections of the intestine and rectum. Crohn’s disease
may occur anywhere in the digestive tract.

60
Q

constipation

A

Constipation occurs when peristalsis moves the feces along too slowly or when the colon absorbs too much water and the feces become too compacted.
Constipation is usually a temporary condition
resulting from a diet that does not include enough
plant fibre. Constipation sometimes results from
surgery, medication, air travel, and pregnancy

61
Q

(a) Which animal would have a longer
alimentary canal for its size, a wolf or
a sheep?
(b) Explain why

A

sheep
-eat vegetation that is harder to digest and needs a longer AC

62
Q

How is digestion in the small intestine different
from digestion in the large intestine?

A

Unlike the small intestine, the large intestine produces no digestive enzymes. Chemical digestion is completed in the small intestine before the chyme reaches the large intestine. Functions of the large intestine include the absorption of water and electrolytes and the elimination of feces.

63
Q

People who have had part or all of their
stomachs removed can survive if they eat
predigested food. Could a person survive
without a small intestine? Explain.

A

no, the small intestine is what absorbs most of the nutrients from food, without it you would die

64
Q

Why would an excess of fat-soluble vitamins be
more dangerous than an excess of water-soluble
vitamins?

A

Water-soluble vitamins are readily excreted from the body, while fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in tissues. Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to cause toxicity if they’re excessively being stored

Biology 11 (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions