12.3 – Supportive Cells

Question 1

what are 2 characteristics of neuroglia?

Answer 1

they bind neurons together and provide a supportive scaffold

they protect the neurons and help them function

Question 2

which term applies to the small swellings at the distal end of the axon of a neuron that contain synaptic vesicles?

Answer 2

axon terminals

Question 3

glial cells and their functions:

neuroglia of CNS:

oligodendrocytes

Answer 3

form myelin in brain and spinal cord

Question 4

glial cells and their functions:

neuroglia of CNS:

ependymal cells

Answer 4

line cavities of brain and spinal cord; secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 5

glial cells and their functions:

neuroglia of CNS:

microglia

Answer 5

phagocytize and destroy microorganisms, foreign matter, and dead nervous tissue

Question 6

glial cells and their functions:

neuroglia of CNS:

astrocytes

Answer 6

cover brain surface and non synaptic regions of neurons
form supportive framework in CNS
induce formation of blood-brain barrier

…a lot more

Question 7

glial cells and their functions:

neuroglia of PNS:

Schwann cells

Answer 7

form neurilemma around all PNS nerve fibers and myelin around most of them

aid in regeneration of damaged nerve fibers

Question 8

glial cells and their functions:

neuroglia of PNS:

satellite cells

Answer 8

surround somas of neurons in the ganglia

provide electrical insulation and regulate chemical environment of neurons

Question 9

the glial cells that line cavities of the brain and spinal cord and secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid are ___

Answer 9

ependymal cells

Question 10

microglia…

Answer 10

in the CNS
phagocytize and destroy microorganisms, foreign matter, and dead nervous tissue

Question 11

what is the approximate ratio of glial cells to neurons?

Answer 11

10:1

Question 12

what are the functions of astrocytes?

Answer 12

in the CNS

regulate chemical composition of tissue fluid
secrete nerve growth factors
form blood-brain barrier
convert blood glucose to lactate for neurons to use for fuel

Question 13

which types of glial cells are found in the CNS?

Answer 13

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia

Question 14

which glial cell insulates nerve fibers from extracellular fluids and speeds up signal conduction in the brain?

Answer 14

oligodendrocyte

Question 15

which 2 types of neuroglia are found only in the PNS?

Answer 15

Schwann cells and satellite cells

Question 16

which glial cell type lines the internal cavities of the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 16

ependymal

Question 17

the axon hillock and initial segment play an important role in initiating a nerve signal. They are collectively called the ___ zone

Answer 17

trigger

Question 18

which type of glial cell in the CNS fight microorganisms and destroy foreign matter and dead nervous tissue?

Answer 18

microglia

Question 19

b/n nodes of Ranvier are myelin-covered segments of axon encircled by Schwann cells. Which term refers to these segments?

Answer 19

internodes

Question 20

what is true about Schwann cells?

Answer 20

they assist in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers

they form the myelin sheath in the PNS

they form the neurilemma

Question 21

glial cells in the PNS that surround somas of neurons in the ganglia, provide electrical insulation, and regulate the chemical environment of neurons are which fo the following?

Answer 21

satellite

Question 22

the ___ plays an important role in initiating a nerve signal. It is formed by the axon hillock and the initial segment.

Answer 22

trigger zone

Question 23

which term refers to the gaps b/n segments of myelin along an axon?

Answer 23

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 24

which type of cell plays a role in the establishment of the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 24

astrocyte

Question 25

which type of glial cell produces the myelin sheath in the PNS?

Answer 25

Schwann cell

Question 26

which term is used to describe signal conduction along a myelinated axon?

Answer 26

saltatory