5.2 – Epithelial Tissue Flashcards by Jonah Chang

epithelial tissue (def)

consists of a sheet of closely adhering cells, one or more cells thick
upper surface usually exposed to the environment or to an internal space in the body

covers the body surface, lines body cavities, forms the external and internal linings of many organs, and constitutes most gland tissue

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epithelial tissue (functions)

protection
secretion
excretion
absorption
filtration
sensation

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between an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue is a layer called the ___

basement membrane

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basement membrane contains…

collagen, glycoproteins, and other protein-carb complexes

blends into the proteins of the connective tissue

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basement membrane serves to…

anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue
controls the exchange of materials b/n the epithelium and the underlying tissues
binds growth factors from below that regulate epithelial development

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basement membrane (location)

b/n an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue layer

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basal surface (def)

the surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane is its basal surface

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apical surface (def)

the surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from basement membrane toward the body surface/internal cavity (lumen) or an organ

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lateral surface (def)

surface of an epithelial cell that is b/n the basal and apical surfaces

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what is the function of the basement membrane?

to adhere epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue

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which term is used to describe the free surface of an epithelium?

apical

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which tissue type covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, forms the internal and external linings of many organs, and constitutes most gland tissue?

epithelial

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classes of epithelium:

simple
pseudostratified
stratified

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epithelial cell shapes:

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

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simple squamous epithelium:

appearance:

single layer of thin cells

nucleus flattened in plane of the cell

looks like a flattened egg where nucleus is the yolk

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simple squamous epithelium:

representative locations:

air sacs (alveoli) of lungs

kidney tubules and capsules

inner lining (endothelium) of heart and blood vessels

serous membranes of stomach, intestines

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simple squamous epithelium:

functions:

allows rapid diffusion or transport of substances thru membrane

secretes lubricating serous fluid

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simple cuboidal epithelium:

appearance:

single layer of square or round cells
spherical, central nuclei

in glands: look pyramidal

some have brush border of microvilli in kidney

some are ciliated in lung

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simple cuboidal epithelium:

representative locations:

liver
thyroid
mammary, salivary glands
most kidney tubules

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simple cuboidal epithelium:

functions:

absorption and secretion
production of protective mucous coat
movement of respiratory mucus

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simple columnar epithelium:

appearance:

single layer of tall, narrow cells
oval or sausage-shaped nuclei

vertically oriented

often has brush border of microvilli, ciliated in some organs

may possess goblet cells

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simple columnar epithelium:

representative locations:

inner lining of stomach, intestines, gallbladder, uterus, and uterine tubes

some kidney tubules

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simple columnar epithelium:

functions:

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absorption, secretion of mucus and other products

movement of egg and embryo in uterine tube

pseudostratified columnar epithelium:

appearance:

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looks multilayered, all cells reach basement membrane

nuclei at several levels in deeper half of epithelium

often w/ goblet cells

often ciliated

pseudostratified columnar epithelium: representative locations:

respiratory tract from nasal cavity to bronchi portions of male urethra

pseudostratified columnar epithelium: functions:

secretes and propels mucus

goblet cells (def)

wineglass-shaped cells produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes often located in simple columnar and pseudo stratified columnar epithelia

a specialized layer that serves to anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue below is a ___ membrane

basement

the epithelium consisting of one layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane, but appear to be arranged in layers, is ___ epithelium

simple (pseudo stratified)

the free surface of the epithelial layer describes the ___ surface

apical

stratified squamous epithelium – keratinized: appearance:

multiple cell layers w/ cells becoming increasingly flat and scaly toward surface surface covered w/ layer of compact dead cells w/o nuclei basal cells may be cuboidal to columnar

stratified squamous epithelium – keratinized: representative locations:

epidermis palms and soles are especially heavily keratinized

stratified squamous epithelium – keratinized: functions:

resists abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms retards water loss thru skin

stratified squamous epithelium – nonkeratinized: appearance:

multiple cell layers w/ cells becoming increasingly flat and scaly toward surface same as keratinized epithelium but w/o the surface layer of dead cells basal cells may be cuboidal to columnar

stratified squamous epithelium – nonkeratinized: representative locations:

tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, anal canal, vagina

stratified squamous epithelium – nonkeratinized: functions:

resists abrasion and penetration by pathogenic. organisms

stratified cuboidal epithelium: appearance:

2 or more layers of cells surface cells square or round

stratified cuboidal epithelium: representative locations:

sweat gland ducts egg-producing vesicles (follicles) or ovaries sperm-producting ducts (seminiferous tubules) of testis

stratified cuboidal epithelium: functions:

contribuest to sweat secretion secretes ovarian hormones produces sperm

urothelium (def)

AKA transitional epithelium type of stratified epithelia unique to the urinary tract

stratified epithelia range from ___ to ___ layers of cells, w/ some cells resting directly on others and only the deepest layers attached to the ___ ___

2 to 20 basement membrane

urothelium: appearance:

somewhat resembles stratified squamous epithelium, but surface cells are rounded, not flattened typically 5 or 6 cells thick when relaxed and 2 to 3 cells thick when stretched cells may be flatter and thinner when urothelium is stretched some cells have 2 nuclei

urothelium: representative locations:

urinary tract -- part of kidney, bladder, part of urethra

urothelium: functions:

stretches to allow filling of urinary tract protects underlying tissues form osmotic damage by urine

most widespread epithelium in the body is ___

stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium: the deepest layers of cells are ___ to ___and include mitotically active stem cells their daughter cells push toward the surface and become ___ (more ___) as they migrate farther and upward, until they finally die and flake off. Their loss is called ___

cuboidal columnar flatter (more scaly) exfoliation

what are the 4 types of stratified epithelia?

stratified squamous stratified cuboidal stratified columnar epithelia urothelium (transitional epithelium)

what is the function of transitional epithelium?

to move fluid thru tubules

what are cells that have a square or round shape?

cuboidal

which epithelium is best suited for resisting abrasion and preventing pathogen entry into deeper tissues?

stratified squamous

epithelial cells that have a flat and scaly shape are classified as ___ cells

squamous

which layers w/in a stratified epithelium undergo mitosis?

basal layers

what are the 4 types of stratified epithelia?

stratified columnar stratified squamous stratified cuboidal transitional

where would transitional epithelium be found?

lining the lumen of the urinary bladder

stratified ___ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium of the body

squamous (covers the skin)

the basal cells of a stratified epithelium undergo ___ allowing more epithelial cells to be produced

mitosis

what is the function of transitional epithelium?

to allow stretching

5.2 – Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

(57 cards)