DNA vs. RNA

Question 1

sugar (DNA vs. RNA)

Answer 1

DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose

Question 2

types of nitrogenous bases (DNA vs. RNA)

Answer 2

DNA: A, T, C, G
RNA: A, U, C, G

Question 3

number of nitrogenous bases (DNA vs. RNA)

Answer 3

DNA: avg 10^8 base pairs
RNA: 70-10,000 bases, mostly unpaired

Question 4

number of nucleotide chains (DNA vs. RNA)

Answer 4

DNA: 2 (double helix)
RNA: 1

Question 5

site of action (DNA vs. RNA)

Answer 5

DNA: functions in nucleus, cannot leave
RNA: leaves nucleus, functions mainly in cytoplasm

Question 6

function (DNA vs. RNA)

Answer 6

DNA: codes for synthesis of RNA and protein
RNA: carries out the instructions in DNA; assembles proteins

Question 7

a 3-base sequence of mRNA is called a ___

Answer 7

codon

Question 8

which term refers to a sequence of 3 DNA nucleotides that codes for 1 amino acid?

Answer 8

base triplet

Question 9

what is an essential function of RNA?

Answer 9

to use the instructions coded in DNA to synthesize proteins

Question 10

DNA molecules tend to be much ___ than molecules of RNA

Answer 10

larger

Question 11

where does the making of mRNA from DNA take place?

Answer 11

in the nucleus

Question 12

the step from DNA to mRNA is called ___

Answer 12

transcription

Question 13

the step from mRNA to protein is called ___

Answer 13

translation

Question 14

transcription occurs in the ___, where ___ is

Answer 14

nucleus
DNA

Question 15

most translation occurs in the ___ but can also occur in the ___

Answer 15

cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 16

each amino acid is coded for by a ___, a sequence of ___ DNA nucleotides

Answer 16

base triplet
3

Question 17

which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA?

Answer 17

RNA polymerase

Question 18

which statement best summarizes the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 18

DNA contains the genetic doe that determines the Aino acid sequences of proteins

Question 19

which term refers to the conversion of nucleotide sequences into amino acid sequences?

Answer 19

translation

Question 20

which term refers to a sequence of 3 DNA nucleotides that codes for 1 amino acid?

a ___ is a 3-base sequence in mRNA

an ___ is a 3-base sequence in tRNA

Answer 20

base triplet

codon

anticodon

Question 21

transcription is the process of typing genetic instructions from a molecule of ___ to mRNA

Answer 21

DNA

Question 22

which molecule carries the genetic doe from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Answer 22

mRNA

Question 23

the enzyme RNA polymerase participates in which of the following processes?

Answer 23

transcription

Question 24

the process of reading an mRNA molecule and synthesizing the protein encoded in its nucleotide sequence is known as ___

Answer 24

translation

Question 25

order of translation

Answer 25

1) ribosome binds mRNA 2) a tRNA anticodon binds to a complementary mRNA codon 3) a new amino acid is linked to the growing peptide chain 4) the tRNA is released from the ribosome and is now available to pick up another amino acid

Question 26

since there are no genes coding for carbohydrates, nucleic acids, or lipids, how do cells produce them?

Answer 26

genes encode enzymes that synthesize these products

Question 27

what is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 27

it carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 28

what is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 28

it stays w/in the nucleus and serves as the template for transcription

Question 29

what is the role of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?

Answer 29

it opens the DNA helix and reads the base from 1 strand of DNA

Question 30

what is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 30

it binds free amino acids and delivers them to the ribosome to be added to a growing protein chain

Question 31

anticodons are found on which type of molecule?

Answer 31

tRNA

Question 32

___ are the cell structures that process coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins

Answer 32

ribosomes

Question 33

genes mostly only synthesize ___

Answer 33

proteins

Question 34

digestive enzymes are ___

Answer 34

secreted by exocytosis

Question 35

sodium-potassium pumps are ___

Answer 35

delivered to the plasma membrane

Question 36

kinases, ATPases are ___

Answer 36

used in the cytosol as metabolic enzymes

Question 37

histones, RNA polymerase are ___

Answer 37

returned to the nucleus for cellular metabolism

Question 38

there are no genes for glycogen, fat, steroids, phospholipids, and many other compounds, yet their synthesis is under indirect genetic control

Answer 38

these cell products are produced by enzymatic reactions, and enzymes are proteins encoded by genes