5.3 – Connective Tissue

Question 1

___ are the most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of the primary tissues

Answer 1

connective tissues

Question 2

connective tissues include…

Answer 2

fibrous tissue
adipose tissue
cartilage
bone
blood

Question 3

as a rule, connective tissue cells…

Answer 3

occupy less space than the extracellular matrix

usually their cells are not in direct contact w/ each other, but are separated by expanses of matrix

Question 4

connective tissues vary greatly in ___, from rich networks of blood vessels in the loose connective tissues to few or no blood vessels in cartilage

Answer 4

vascularity

Question 5

functions of connective tissue:

Answer 5

binding of organs
support
physical protection
immune protection
movement
storage
heat production
transport

Question 6

___ connective tissue is the most diverse type of connective tissue

Answer 6

fibrous

Question 7

components of fibrous connective tissue:

Answer 7

fibroblasts
macrophages
leukocytes
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes

Question 8

components of fibrous connective tissue:

fibroblasts

Answer 8

large, stellate cells that often show slender, wispy branches

provide the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of the tissue

Question 9

components of fibrous connective tissue:

macrophages

Answer 9

large phagocytic cells that wander thru the connective tissues

engulf or destroy bacteria, other foreign particles, and dead or dying cells of our own body

activate the immune system when they sense foreign matter called antigens

arise from white blood cells called monocytes or other stem cells

Question 10

components of fibrous connective tissue:

leukocytes (WBCs)

Answer 10

travel briefly in bloodstream and spend time in connective tissue

2 most common types:
neutrophils – wander about attacking bacteria

lymphocytes – react against bacteria, toxins, and other foreign agents. Often form dense patches in the mucous membranes

Question 11

components of fibrous connective tissue:

plasma cells

Answer 11

certain lymphocytes turn into plasma cells when they detect foreign agents

plasma cells synthesize disease-fighting proteins called antibodies

usually seen in wall of intestines and inflamed tissue

Question 12

components of fibrous connective tissue:

mast cells

Answer 12

secrete a chemical called heparin that inhibits blood clotting

secrete another chemical called histamine that increases blood flow by dilating blood vessels

Question 13

components of fibrous connective tissue:

adipocytes (fat cells)

Answer 13

appear in small clusters in some fibrous connective tissues.

when they dominate an area, the tissue is called adipose tissue

Question 14

of the 4 classes of tissue, ___ tissues are the most abundant, widely distributed, and historically variable of the primary tissues

Answer 14

connective

Question 15

___ types of protein fibers are found in fibrous connective tissues

Answer 15

3

collagenous fibers
reticular fibers
elastic fibers

Question 16

3 types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissues:

collagenous fibers (def)

Answer 16

made of collagen
tough and flexible
resist stretching
body’s most abundant protein

has glistening white appearance –> “white fibers”

make up tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of skin

collagen pervades the matrix of cartilage and bone

Question 17

3 types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissues:

reticular fibers (def)

Answer 17

thin collagen fibers coated w/ glycoprotein

form a spongelike framework for organs like spleen and lymph nodes and constitute part of the basement membranes underlying epithelia

Question 18

3 types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissues:

elastic fibers (def)

Answer 18

thinner than collagenous fibers –> branch and rejoin each other along their course

made of elastin protein, coated with a glycoprotein (fibrillar)

the coiled structure of elastin allows it to stretch and recoil like a rubber band

elastic fibers account for the ability of the skin, lungs, and arteries to spring back after they are stretched

Question 19

fibrous connective tissue is divided into 2 broad categories according to ___

2 broad categories:

Answer 19

relative abundance of fiber

loose and dense connective tissue

Question 20

types of fibrous connective tissue:

loose connective tissue description

2 types

Answer 20

consists more of ground substance than fibers

areolar and reticular tissue

Question 21

types of fibrous connective tissue:

dense connective tissue

2 types

Answer 21

fiber occupies more space than the cells and ground substance

appears closely packed in tissue section

dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue

Question 22

loose connective tissue:

areolar tissue:

appearance:

Answer 22

loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers

scattered cells of various types

abundant ground substance

numerous blood vessels

Question 23

loose connective tissue:

areolar tissue:

representative locations:

Answer 23

underlying nearly all epithelia

surrounding blood vessels, nerves, esophagus, and trachea

fascia b/n muscles, mesenteries, visceral layers of pericardium and pleura

Question 24

loose connective tissue:

areolar tissue:

functions:

Answer 24

loosely binds epithelia to deeper tissues

allows passage of nerves and blood vessels thru other tissues

provides an arena for immune defense

blood vessels provide nutrients and waste removal for overlying epithelia

Question 25

loose connective tissue: reticular tissue: appearance:

Answer 25

loose network of reticular fibers and cells infiltrated w/ numerous leukocytes, especially lymphocytes

Question 26

loose connective tissue: reticular tissue: representative locations:

Answer 26

lymph nodes spleen thymus bone marrow

Question 27

loose connective tissue: reticular tissue: function:

Answer 27

forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs

Question 28

while preparing some chicken wings for cooking, observe white fibers connecting the bones and the muscles to bone. What type of fibers are these?

Answer 28

collagenous

Question 29

of the 4 main tissue types, ___ tissues fills the spaces b/n other tissues and binds tissues to one another

Answer 29

connective

Question 30

the 2 broad categories of fibrous connective tissue, based on the relative abundance of fibers, are ___ connective tissues

Answer 30

loose dense

Question 31

which connective tissue contains loosely arranged cells, elastic fibers, and collagenous fibers?

Answer 31

areolar connective tissue

Question 32

which connective tissue is composed of loosely arranged reticular fibers and lymphocytes?

Answer 32

reticular connective tissue

Question 33

which cell types are found in fibrous connective tissues?

Answer 33

fibroblasts macrophages leukocytes plasma cells mast cells adipocytes

Question 34

where is dense regular connective tissue found?

Answer 34

tendons and ligaments

Question 35

what are the 3 fiber types found in fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 35

collagenous fibers reticular fibers elastic fibers

Question 36

where would dense irregular connective tissue be found?

Answer 36

deeper portion of dermis of skin capsules around viscera such as liver, kidney, spleen fibrous sheaths around cartilage and bones

Question 37

what are the 2 broad categories of fibrous connective tissue based on their relative abundance of fibers?

Answer 37

dense and loose

Question 38

functions of ___ tissue include energy storage and thermal insulation

Answer 38

adipose

Question 39

where would areolar connective tissue be found?

Answer 39

underlying nearly all epithelia surrounding blood vessels, nerves, esophagus, and trachea fascia b/n muscles mesenteries visceral layers of pericardium and pleura

Question 40

___ is type of supportive connective tissue w/ a relatively rigid, but flexible matrix

Answer 40

cartilage

Question 41

where is reticular tissue found?

Answer 41

lymph nodes spleen thymus bone marrow

Question 42

which cartilage is characterized by bundles of coarse collagenous fibers in the matrix?

Answer 42

fibrocartilage

Question 43

in dense regular connective tissue, the collagen fibers are ___

Answer 43

closely packed

Question 44

what is a location of dense irregular tissue?

Answer 44

fibrous sheath around bones

Question 45

adipocytes are the predominant cell type in which connective tissue?

Answer 45

adipose

Question 46

the tissue found w/in the heads of long bones and the middle layer of flat bones is ___ bone

Answer 46

spongy

Question 47

which of the following is a relatively vascular class of connective tissue?

Answer 47

cartilage

Question 48

hyaline cartilage is named for its ___, ___ appearance, which stems from the usually ___ ___ of its collagen fibers

Answer 48

clear, glassy invisible fineness

Question 49

elastic cartilage is named for its ___ ___ fibers

Answer 49

conspicuous elastic

Question 50

fibrocartilage is named for its ___, readily ___ bundles of collagen

Answer 50

coarse visible

Question 51

elastic cartilage and most hyaline cartilage are surrounded by a sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue called ___

Answer 51

perichondrium

Question 52

perichondrium (def)

Answer 52

sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue that surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage

Question 53

bone tissue is also known as ___ tissue

Answer 53

osseous tissue

Question 54

the ground substance of blood is ___

Answer 54

plasma

Question 55

unlike other connective tissues, blood doesn't exhibit ___ except when it ___

Answer 55

fibers clots

Question 56

which tissue would be the best at resisting pulling forces applied from several directions?

Answer 56

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 57

what are the formed elements of blood?

Answer 57

3 things: erythrocytes leukocytes platelets

Question 58

where would you find spongy bone?

Answer 58

in the heads of long bones w/in the interior of flat and irregular bones

Question 59

___ is a type of supportive connective tissue w/ a relatively rigid, but flexible matrix

Answer 59

cartilage

Question 60

the liquid portion of blood is called ___

Answer 60

plasma

Question 61

erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes are types of which of the following?

Answer 61

formed elements