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AA Microbio Semifinal > IA. General Microbiology | 1. History of medical microbiology. Classification of the microbes. The structure, the size and the shape of bacterial cell. > Flashcards

IA. General Microbiology | 1. History of medical microbiology. Classification of the microbes. The structure, the size and the shape of bacterial cell. Flashcards

1
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
1. Name 9 important people

A
  1. Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
  2. Edward Jenner
  3. Ignaz Semmelweis
  4. Joseph Lister
  5. Louis Pasteru
  6. Endre Hogyes
  7. Robert Koch
  8. Paul Ehrlich
  9. Alexander Fleming
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2
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
2. What is the role of Anton Von Leeuwenhoek in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

1st man who saw microbes – 1973 1st report

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3
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
2. What is the role of Edward Jenner in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

Edward Jenner → 1st vaccine in 1796

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4
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
3. What is the role of Ignaz Semmelweis in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis → hand washing with chlorine in 1847 which caused death rate to decrease
by 15-20% – died before his knowledge was recognized

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5
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
4. What is the role of Joseph Lister in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

Determined disinfect by carbolic acid in modern surgery in 1867

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6
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
6. What is the role of Louis Pasteur in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

Fermentation, pasteurization and developed vaccine against rabies

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7
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
7. What is the role of Endre Hogyes in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

Improved rabies vaccine (Hungarian)

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8
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
8A. What is the role of Robert Koch in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

Robert Koch → Discovered causative agent of anthrax disease cycle, TB and Cholera
○ 1905 Nobel Prize
○ Introduced solid media culture
○ Koch’s Postulate (Microbe = Disease)

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9
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
8B. What is Koch’s Postulate (Microbe = Disease)?

A
  • The bacteria must be present in every case of disease
  • The bacteria must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture
  • The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the bacteria is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host
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10
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
9A. What is the role of Paul Ehrlich in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

● The bacteria must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
● Paul Ehrlich → father of chemotherapy (treating infections with chemicals)

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11
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
9B. Give the formula of Chemotherapeutic Index?

A
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12
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
9B. Give the formula of Chemotherapeutic Index?

A
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13
Q

I. History of Medical Microbiology
10. What is the role of Alexander Fleming in History of Medical Microbiology?

A

Alexander Fleming → Discovered Penicillin – 1st antibiotics in 1928
● 1st clinical use – 1942
- Nobel Prize – 1945

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14
Q

II. Classification of Microbiology
1. Give the Classification of Microbiology

A

6 types
- Agricultural
- Aquatic
- Environmental
- Industrial
- Medical
- Space

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15
Q

II. Classification of Microbiology
2. Give the classification of medical microbiology

A

Medical Microbiology - average sizes of microorganisms
1. Bacteriology – bacteria 1μm
2. Virology – virus: protein and nucleic acid 100nm
3. Mycology – Fungi (eukaryote) 10μm
4. Parasitology – Protozoon (eukaryote) 10-100 μm
– Helminthology (worms) 100μm - 15m
5. Prion – protein only (not living)

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16
Q

II. Classification of Microbiology - Medical Microbiology
2A. What are average sizes of microorganisms in Bacteriology?

A

Bacteriology – bacteria 1μm

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17
Q

II. Classification of Microbiology - Medical Microbiology
2B. What are average sizes of microorganisms in Virology?

A

virus: protein and nucleic acid 100nm

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18
Q

II. Classification of Microbiology - Medical Microbiology
2C. What are average sizes of microorganisms in Mycology?

A

Fungi (eukaryote) - 10μm

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19
Q

II. Classification of Microbiology - Medical Microbiology
2D. What are average sizes of microorganisms in Parasitology?

A
  • Protozoon (eukaryote) 10-100 μm
  • Helminthology (worms) 100μm - 15m
20
Q

II. Classification of Microbiology - Medical Microbiology
2E. What are the types of microorganisms in Prion?

A

Prion – protein only (not living)

21
Q

II. Classification of Microbiology
3. What is the resolution power of light microscope?

A
  • resolution power of light microscope → 250nm
22
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
1. What are the essential components of the bacterial cell (prokaryotic)?

A
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • cytoplasm
  • cytoplasm membrane (inner)
  • periplasmic space
  • cell wall
  • outer membrane (Gram -)
23
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
2. What are the characteristics of plasma membrane?

A
  • Between plasma and cell wall
  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Selective permeability, transport process, glucose uptake, product of enzyme
24
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
3. What are the accessory components?

A
  • plasmid
  • spore
  • capsule
  • fimbriae or pili
  • flagella
25
Q

III. Bacterial Cell - Accessory components
4. What is the role of flagella?

A

Flagella (H-antigen) → movement and anchor to cytoplasmic membrane

26
Q

III. Bacterial Cell - Accessory components
5. What is the role of Endoflagella?

A

Endoflagella → flagella inside cytoplasm

27
Q

III. Bacterial Cell - Accessory components
5. What is the role of Fimbriae or Pili (F-antigen)?

A
  • Fimbriae or Pili (F-antigen) → not motile, anchored in outer membrane #200-300
  • Types: Sex, common and adhesive pilli
28
Q

III. Bacterial Cell - Accessory components
6. What is the role of Capsule?

A

Capsule (K-antigen) → protects bacteria from phagocytosis

29
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
7. What are the characteristics of plasmids and spores?

A

Bacterial spore is a resistant structure to unfavorable environmental conditions.

30
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
8. What are the 4 types of bacteria shape?

A
  1. Coccus → staphylococcus and streptococcus
  2. Rod → e.coli, TB, mycobacterium
  3. Coccobacillus → bordetella pertussis
  4. Spiral → Helicobacter, lyme disease
31
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
9. Give 2 examples of bacteria with “Coccus” shape?

A

staphylococcus and streptococcus

32
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
10. Give 3 examples of bacteria with “rod” shape?

A

e.coli, TB, mycobacterium

33
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
11. Give 1 examples of bacteria with “Coccobacillus” shape?

A

bordetella pertussis

34
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
12. Give 2 examples of bacteria with “spiral” shape?

A

Helicobacter, lyme disease

35
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13A. What are the main groups that eukaryotic cell belong to?

A

Alga, fungi, protozoon, plant, animal

36
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13B. What is the size of eukaryotic cell?

A

> 5μm

37
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13C. What are the features of nucleus of eukaryotic cell?

A

Wrapped with membrane

38
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13D. What are the features of chromosome of eukaryotic cell?

A

Diploid

39
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13E. What is the size of Ribosome of eukaryotic cell?

A

80S

40
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13F. What are the features of Cytoplasm membrane of eukaryotic cell?

A

Contain sterol

41
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13G. What are the features of Cell wall of eukaryotic cell?

A

Absent or chitin or cellulose

42
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13H. What are the features of Reproduction of eukaryotic cell?

A

Sexual, asexual

43
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
- The properties of eukaryotic cell
13I. What are the features of Respiration of eukaryotic cell?

A

By mitochondria

44
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
14. What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative?

A
45
Q

III. Bacterial Cell
15. What are the steps to gram staining?

A

fixation
→ crystal violet (with Na-Oxalate)
→ iodine treatment
→ decolorization (96% alcohol)
→ counter stain safranin

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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