II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 26. Bacteroides. Fusobacterium. Porphyromonas. Prevotella. Actinobacillus

Question 1

I. Obligate anaerobes
1. What are the features of Obligate anaerobes?

Answer 1

• anaerobes could be found on almost all habitats of the microbiota

Question 2

I. Obligate anaerobes
2. What are the natural habitats that you can find anaerobes?

Answer 2

Question 3

I. Obligate anaerobes
3. What are Obligate anaerobes you can find on skin?

Answer 3

skin (pl. Propionibacterium, S. saccharolyticus)
- especially in sebaceous glands, hair follicles, sweat glands

Question 4

I. Obligate anaerobes
4. What are Obligate anaerobes you can find in oral cavity?

Answer 4

oral cavity (Veillonella, Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus)
- crypts of tonsils and tongue
- gingival sacs, plaques

Question 5

I. Obligate anaerobes
5. What are Obligate anaerobes you can find on vagina?

Answer 5

Lactobacillus

Question 6

I. Obligate anaerobes
6. What are Obligate anaerobes you can find in GI tract?

Answer 6

Bacteroides, Clostridium, Clostridioides, Lactobacillus

Question 7

I. Obligate anaerobes
7. What are the most common Gram-negative anaerobes of the human microbiota?

Answer 7

• Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas
• Fusobacterium
• Veillonella
• Pepto- streptococcus

Question 8

I. Obligate anaerobes
8. What are the most common Gram-positive anaerobes of the human microbiota?

Answer 8

• Actinomyces
• Lactobacillus
• Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Arachnia
• Propionibacterium
• Clostridium

Question 9

II. Bacteroides genus
1. What are the main features of Bacteroides genus?

Answer 9

• thin rods, parts of GI normal microbiota
• most common culturable anaerobe genus in the GI

Question 10

II. Bacteroides genus
2. What is the most important species of Bacteroides genus?

Answer 10

Bacteriodies fragilis
* present in 10^11 CFU / g stool!

Question 11

II. Bacteroides genus
3. What are the diseases caused by Bacteroides genus?

Answer 11

endogenic infections (the source is usually the patients own microbiota)
* peritonitis
* wound infections
* biliary tract infections (cholangitis, cholecystitis)

Question 12

II. Bacteroides genus
4. How do we do laboratory identification for Bacteroides genus?

Answer 12

culturing + biochemical reactions (old-fashioned)

Question 13

III. Prevotella genus
1. What are the important species of Prevotella genus?

Answer 13

Prevotella melaninogenicus, P. bivia, P. disiens

Question 14

III. Prevotella genus
2. What are the features of P. melaninogenicus?

Answer 14

• thin rods or coccobacilli
• might be isolated from upper respiratory tract infections and oral abscesses

Question 15

III. Prevotella genus
2. What are the features of P. bivia, P. disiens?

Answer 15

could be found in female genital tract

Question 16

IV. Porphyromonas genus
1. What is the feature of Porphyromonas genus?

Answer 16

part of normal oral microbiota

Question 17

IV. Porphyromonas genus
2. What is the important species of Porphyromonas genus?

Answer 17

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 18

IV. Porphyromonas genus
3. What is the feature of Porphyromonas gingivalis?

Answer 18

• might be isolated from oral abscesses, periodontitis
• gingipain pruduction (protease): might be an important factor in Alzheimer’s?!

Question 19

IV. Fusobacterium genus
1. What is the feature of Fusobacterium genus?

Answer 19

part of normal oral microbiota

Question 20

IV. Fusobacterium genus
2. What is the important species of Fusobacterium genus?

Answer 20

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Question 21

IV. Fusobacterium genus
3. What are the features of Fusobacterium genus?

Answer 21

• might be isolated from oral abscesses, periodontitis
• produces H2S, butiric- and propionic acid

Question 22

IV. Fusobacterium genus
4. What is the disease caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum?

Answer 22

acute nectorising, ulcerative gingivitis (Plaut-Vincent angina)
- fuso-spirochetosis (F. nucleatum + Treponema vincenti)
- painful, bleeding gums
- unilateral ulcerative tonsillitis
- halithosis (odorous breath)

Question 23

V. Laboratory diagnosis for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium
1. What is Laboratory diagnosis for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium?

Answer 23

Question 24

V. Laboratory diagnosis for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium
2. How do we culture for Laboratory diagnosis of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium?

Answer 24

Question 25

VI. Treatment and prevention for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium
1. What is the treatment for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium?

Answer 25

1. State of art surgical management
2. Antibiotics: metronidazol (Flagyl), clindamycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin

Question 26

VI. Treatment and prevention for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium
2. What is the prevention for Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium?

Answer 26

• No specific measure are available for prevention
• State of management of contaminated wounds preventing from anaerobic conditions is essential
• Correct oral hygiene and its education are important