III - A. Virology | 8. Filoviruses

Question 1

I. Filoviruses
1. What are the important species of filoviruses?

Answer 1

Filo-family= Marburg-like and Ebola-like (Marburg and Ebola virus)
- Marburg Virus(haemorrhagic fever)
- Ebola Virus: (haemorrhagic fever)

Question 2

I. Filoviruses
2. What are the genetic material and morphology of Filoviruses?

Answer 2

1. Genetic material: (-) ssRNA virus family
   => causes viral hemorrhagic fever
2. Morphology:
   - enveloped virus
   - filamentous
   - helical nucleocapsid

Question 3

I. Filoviruses
3. How are Filoviruses transmitted?

Answer 3

Question 4

II. Marburg Virus (haemorrhagic fever)
1. What is the transmission of Marburg Virus?

Answer 4

Direct contact, body fluids,
respiratory droplets, of infected
monkeys (also in fruit bats)

Question 5

II. Marburg Virus (haemorrhagic fever)
2. What are the symptoms of Marburg Virus?

Answer 5

• fever, lethargy, rashes, diarrhea, neurological, haemorrhages
• Letality: 25-30%
• No therapy control

Question 6

II. Marburg Virus (haemorrhagic fever)
3. What are the diagnosis and therapy for Marburg Virus (haemorrhagic fever)?

Answer 6

Question 7

III. Ebola Virus: (haemorrhagic fever)
1. What is the epidemiology of Ebola Virus?

Answer 7

• First outbreak in Sudan and Congo (1976)
• Source in Africa: fruit bat directly to human or via other animal (gorilla, chimp)

Question 8

III. Ebola Virus: (haemorrhagic fever)
2. What are the targets of Ebola viruses?

Answer 8

• Targets in body: hepatocytes, endothelial cells, phagocytes

Question 9

III. Ebola Virus: (haemorrhagic fever)
3. What are the symptoms of Ebola Virus?

Answer 9

• fever, sore throat, severe headache, muscle pain, intense weakness, vomiting
• Fever/fatigue (day 7-9) → high fever, vomiting blood (day 10)–> bruising, brain damage
  (day 11) → internal bleeding, death (day 12)

Question 10

III. Ebola Virus: (haemorrhagic fever)
4. What is the diagnosis for Ebola Virus?

Answer 10

• difficult (liver, semen, blood, feces)
• PCR, ELISA, IgM ELISA few days after symptoms begin
• IgM and IgG later in disease or after recovery

Question 11

III. Ebola Virus: (haemorrhagic fever)
5. What is the therapy for Ebola Virus?

Answer 11

• rehydration, Favipiravir (RNA polymerase inhibitor)–> effective in mild cases

Question 12

III. Ebola Virus: (haemorrhagic fever)
6. What is the control for Ebola Virus?

Answer 12

vaccination

Question 13

III. Ebola Virus: (haemorrhagic fever)
7. Explain ebola virus based on this figure