The reproductive system

Question 1

what are the male reproductive glands? and state what they do

Answer 1

seminal vesicles= makes semen by mixing fluid and sperm

prostate= milky fluid that gives nutrients/enzymes for sperm

bulbourthral= clear lube that neutralises acidic urine

Question 2

in males what do semiferous tubes have and why?

Answer 2

germ cells and Sertoli cells this supports the cells in the testes to make sperm

Question 3

name some accessory glands in males and what they do

Answer 3

epididymis= spermatozoa happens (sperm cells)

prostate= milky fluid for nutrients

seminal vesicles= makes sperm with fluids and mixing

vas deferens= transport sperm to the urethra for ejaculation

Question 4

3 regions in the urethra in males

Answer 4

prostatic= receives semen additives
membranous= runs through pelvic floor muscle
spongy= get urine and semen out of body

Question 5

function of semen

Answer 5

transports nutrients to protect sperm and help with motility

Question 6

define spermatogenesis

Answer 6

where germ cells mature to sperm cells

Question 7

in males what happens to the anterior pituitary gland? and what do each of those stimulate ?

Answer 7

• release LH and FSH
  LH= stimulates Sertoli cells (sperm cells)
  FSH= leading cells (testosterone)

Question 8

what are the 2 main structures of the sperm and explain what is included in each

Answer 8

head:
- acrosomes= penetrate through oocytes(egg)
- nucleus

tail:
- mitochondiria
- ATP for energy
- motility

Question 9

sperm route?

Answer 9

TEST-VU

T= testes (sperm production)
E= epididymis (maturation of sperm and storage)
S= seminal vesicles (fluid for semen)
T= transports through vas ducts
V= vas duct which carries sperm to urethra
U= urethra for the sperm+semen to be ejacualted out of body

Question 10

what are ovaries made of on the surface and what 2 sections are they divided into?

Answer 10

• epithelial cells
• divided into central medulla= vessels/CT
  and outer cortex= develops follicles

Question 11

what is the role of ovaries?

Answer 11

• to make 2 oocytes and release one during a period
• secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

3 lining of uterus

Answer 12

inner= endometrium
middle= myometrium
outer= perimetrium

Question 13

what are the 2 females cycles? and what they do

Answer 13

ovarian cycle= follicle formation

uterine cycle= monthly cycle of the endometrium

Question 14

Female reproductive cycles are regulated by hormones. Where does this regulation begin?

Answer 14

hypothalamus then the pituitary gland, where the hypothalamus releases GnRH to stimulate pituitary gland to release LH and FSH

Question 15

draw a diagram showing the release of LH and FSH starting from the hypothalamus

Question 16

what are the 3 steps for ovulation

Answer 16

1. high levels of estrogen in the mature follicles release LH and GnRH
2. GnRH releases LH and FSH form pituitary gland
3. the high amount of LH starts ovulation

Question 17

what does the corpus leuteum produce?

Answer 17

progesterone

Question 18

what happens after ovulation in terms of hormones?

Answer 18

corpus leteum release progesterone and is responsible for keeping the endometrium for pregnancy, after a few days if no fertilisation happens progesterone levels decrease and endometrium walls shed as the body no longer needs a strong wall for pregnancy

this is menstruation

Question 19

3 phases of ovarian cycle (inside of ovary)

Answer 19

follicle= develops under FSH control

ovulation= follicle matures

luteal= formation/disappearance of corpus luteum

Question 20

4 phases of the uterine cycle ( changes in endometrium)

Answer 20

menstrual
preovulatory
ovulation
postovulatory