Atherosclerosis

Question 1

define Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

build-up of plaque in arteries causing them to narrow and harden reducing blood flow

Question 2

steps that involved platelets in atherosclerosis development

Answer 2

1. platelets go to site and stop bleeding
2. platlets+macrophages release cytokines to help healing
3. these releases attract myocytes where they transform to repair cells and make collagen to fix vessel wall

Question 3

what 2 main things cause the development of atherosclerosis?

Answer 3

1. Endothelial injury = inflammation,arterial stress
2. LDL entry= LDL enters damaged wall and build up leading to fatty plaque on arteries= can cause narrowing and hardening

Question 4

Steps for Atherosclerosis

Answer 4

1. endothelial injury happens
2. LDL enters and builds up causing rich cholesterol fatty streaks to form
3. macrophages and lipid build-up make stable plaque with raised surface
4. unstable plaque can happen and cause ulcers and thrombus ( clots)
5. thrombus causes emboli ( clots that travel through the bloodstream)

Question 5

throughout the inflammation of the artery wall what develops on the atheroma ?

Answer 5

fibrous cap and repair it with macrophages and smooth muscle cells
- too much inflammation can make the cap thin and erode and cause thrombus (clot)

Question 6

what do LDL(low density lipoprotein) carry?

Answer 6

cholesterol

Question 7

bad outcomes of atherosclerosis are what?

Answer 7

• heart attack
• flow blocked
• embolus (clot)
• gangrene
• Aortic aneurism (bulging of aorta)

Question 8

what are aneurysm and an example

Answer 8

• is a abnormal bulging of blood vessels in wall
• examples :
  berry aneurysm= happens at Circle of Willis

Question 9

define vasculitis and give examples

Answer 9

• an autoimmune disease where body attacks its own blood vessels and leads to inflammation
• examples= giant cells and nodosa