water/electrolytes

Question 1

body compartments is made up of what fractions?

Answer 1

2/3 ICF
1/3 ECF

Question 2

what chemical contributed the most to plasma osmolality? and what does hypernatremia mean and how can it happen?

Answer 2

sodium(Na)

hypernatremia: high level of sodium in blood and can happen through hyperventilation, water loss in urine and ADH regulations

Question 3

fluid losses with sodium losses:

Answer 3

• diarrhoea, vomiting,excess sweat
  na conc in blood is normal but water is low which affect balance and hypernatremia happens

Question 4

define Hypokalemia and a common cause

Answer 4

low levels of K+ in blood

cause: hyperaldosteronism wheres theres too much secretion of aldosterone hormone(hormone produced by adrenal that help regulate na/k in body)

Question 5

define Hyperkalemia and common cause:

Answer 5

• high levels of k+ in the blood
  cause kidney failure and its responsible for filtering k in blood this causes high levels of k to rise

also acidosis, when blood is too acidic K shift from inside of cell to the bloodstream=hyperkalemia

Question 6

what is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and what is it estmated by

Answer 6

volume of fluid that is filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time

estimated by creatinine clearance

formula= (urin conc x 24hr urine volume)/plasma conc