blood groups and transfusion

Question 1

four ABO blood groups

Answer 1

group A= rbc have antigen A so theres no circulating antibodies against A but there is for B

group B= same thing but for B

group AB= rbc have both antigen A/B so theres no circualting antibodies against A or B

group O= rbc have neither A nor B so there’s circulating antibodies against both A and B

Question 2

where can the groups be transfused into and their names?

Answer 2

group A, group B or group AB – universal donor

Group AB cannot be transfused into any group (A, B or O) – universal recipient

Group A and group B cannot be transfused into each other

Question 3

why is RhD dominant?

Answer 3

• because its presence leads to its protein on the surface on RBC regardless if theres 1/2 genes

Question 4

what happens if both RhD gene are absent?

Answer 4

rhd protein will not be made on rbc resulting in Rh-negative blood group

Question 5

during pregnancy what happens to the baby if the mother blood type is Rh-negative?

Answer 5

baby’s blood type is Rh-positive, there is a risk of a condition known as hemolytic disease

• If the baby’s Rh-positive blood enters the mother’s bloodstream, her immune system may make antibodies against the baby’s Rh factor.

Question 6

what are the 3 process of stopping bleeding: Haemostasis

Answer 6

1. Vascular spasm: blood vessel constricts to reduce blood flow and prevent further bleeding.
2. Platelet plug formation: Platelets stick together and go to site, forming a plug to seal wound.
3. Fibrin clot formation: Fibrin, a protein, forms a mesh-like structure on plug to stop bleeding

Question 7

what is factor VII?

Answer 7

• formation of blood clotting
• acts as the conversion of prothrombin (inactive form) into thrombin (active) as thrombin is key for blood clotting as it converts fibrinogen into fibrin
• genetic disorder inherited