3rd Quarter Restorative Art ALL CARDS Flashcards
(425 cards)
1
Q
requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill
A
major restoration
2
Q
types of major restorations
A
full head of hair
deep wound preparation and care of deep lacerations
repair or reconstruction of multiple fractures
buck-teeth (dental prognathism)
3rd degree burns
3
Q
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
A
restorative art
4
Q
time-table of RA treatment layout
A
Pre-embalming
Concurrent Embalming
Post Embalming
5
Q
These are examples of what type of treatment?Setting featuresSuturing clean cuts, skin flaps, positioning skin, muscle, features, etc.Resetting fracturesPuncture blistersSupport surface tissuesMinor buck teeth issues
A
Pre-Embalming Treatments
6
Q
Buck teeth are also called…
A
dental prognathism
7
Q
These are examples of what type of treatment?Internal (active) dyeMaintaining feature corrections/alignmentLimiting swelling
A
Concurrent Embalming Treatments
8
Q
These are examples of what type of treatment?
Remove scabs
Excise diseased or mutilated tissues
Suture incisions, lacerations
Reduce swellings (it has already occurred)
Reduce tissue swelling (using gravity, compress- ace bandage, channeling-small incisions, electric spatula,Be sure to use large amounts of massage cream to protect the skin
Deep wound preparation and waxing Feature modeling Bleaching Masking discolorations External coloring and cosmetics (not always to cover something) Correct buck-teeth Attach dismembered parts Hair replacement
A
Post Embalming Treatments
9
Q
lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features
A
asymmetry
10
Q
it is natural to be ________
A
asymetrical
11
Q
correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face.
A
symmetry
12
Q
anterior view of the face or features
A
front aspect
13
Q
side view of the human head
A
profile view
14
Q
in reference to a photograph; a view that reveals the fullness of the cheeks
A
three-quarter view
15
Q
What should the restorative artist not conceal?
A
Scars
Moles
Birthmarks
Warts
16
Q
external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elementsrefers to the shape of a surface structure, which is recognized by its outline and surface movement.
A
Form
17
Q
the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance.
A
embalming
18
Q
dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object.
A
Bilateral differences
19
Q
the bilateral view; an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the two sides or halves of an object or facial feature.
A
Bilateral silhouette
20
Q
a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity and vibration of light
A
color
21
Q
hollow space or area
A
cavity
22
Q
two sides
A
bilateral
23
Q
The body is erect, facing the observer, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from body.
A
anatomical position
24
Q
a prominence or projection of a bone
A
eminence
25
a state or degree of being deep
depth
26
near to the mid-line; opposite of lateral direction
medial
27
a position or direction away from mid-line; to the side
lateral
28
more elevated in place or position; higher; upper; anatomically towards the head
superior
29
beneath; lower in plane or position; the under surface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet
inferior
30
the act of throwing forward; a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings
projection
31
a type of surface formed by the withdrawal of a part from its normal position
recession
32
exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity
concave
33
boundaries or edges
margins
34
slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular
oblique
35
curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere
convex
36
the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features
physiognomy
37
the injection of special creams or liquids into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour
hypodermic tissue building
38
a substance used to elevate sunken (emaciated) tissues to normal level
tissue builder
39
the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear
mastoid process
40
a hollow or concave region
depression
41
the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
protrusion
42
the geometric shape of the human skull
oval
43
an electrically heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form
electric spatula
44
the topmost part of the head
crown
45
Crown is also known as...
vertex
46
weight applied to a surface
external pressure
47
lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain
occipital bone
48
the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone.
occipital protuberance
49
two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull
parietal bones
50
the rounded peak of the external convexity of the parietal bones; determines the widest part of the cranium
parietal eminence
51
inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone
temporal bones
52
the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone
temporal cavity
53
the vertical surface of the temporal bone
squama
54
How is the widest part of the cranium measured?
From one parietal eminence to another
55
a natural body opening or canal
meatus
56
the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average
Norm
57
meaning...after death
postmortem
58
Anatomical structures for locating the modeled ear? What are they? Where are they located?
external auditory meatus
zygomatic arch
mandibular fossa
mastoid process
59
a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose
glabella
60
the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull
frontal bone
61
paired, rounded, un-margined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately one inch beneath the normal hairline
frontal eminences
62
the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows.
superciliary arches
63
the superior rim of the eye sockets
supraorbital margins
64
- to observe the relative locations and arrangements of internal parts, it is necessary to cut or section the body along various planes.
Body Planes
65
a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions. If the division is into two equal halves, it is called median or mid-sagittal
Median (sagittal) plane
66
divides the body into superior and inferior sections
Horizontal (transverse) plane
67
divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
Frontal (coronal) plane
68
inferior to the mandibular fossaear passage...most noticeable
external auditor meatus
69
anterior to the external auditory meatus
mandibular fossa
70
posterior to the lobe of the ear most inferior portion of the temporal bone
mastoid process
71
fatty 1/3 portion of the ear
ear lobe
72
where does the sternoclediomastoid muscle attach?
Mastoid process
73
causes bruising and swelling to the eyes
squama
74
Separation of the head from the body
decapitation
75
the trunk of a body
torso
76
when decapitated it the head should be embalmed...
separately from the trunk
77
the decapitated head can be injected using the....
common carotid arteries if in tact
78
if the common carotid arteries are destroyed in a decapitation how should injection be made?
External & Internal Carotid Arteries or...
| External Maxillary arteries
79
other methods of decapitated head preservation...
hypodermic injectionsurface compresses
80
the torso from decapitation can be injected using the ....
common carotid or axillary arteries
81
Use _____ plastic or wood splints (dowels) or _________ rods that are approximately ___ -____ inches long that are _______________ to reattach the head
```
3
metal
8
12
sharpened
```
82
One rod is inserted into the ___________
spinal canal of the vertebrae
83
The additional 2 rods are inserted into the muscles on both sides of the __________ and __________
esophagus
| trachea
84
suture the muscles and tissue around the _____________________________ of the neck
entire circumference
85
use ______________ or _______________to fill in for missing tissue of neck
mortuary mastic or cotton & sealer
86
posterior process of the ramus of the mandible...articulates the anterior to the external auditory meatus
mandibular fossa
87
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
restorative art
88
refers to the shape of a surface structure which is recognized by its outline and surface movement
form
89
the basic form of the nose is shaped how?
pyramid shape
90
the basic form of an ear is shaped how?
wedged
91
Form involves the following dimensions...
Length
width
projection
92
refers to those rays of light reflected from the surface
color
93
highlights and shadows affect
appearance of color
94
one thing to do to look at highlights and shadows is to look at it in....
black and white
95
unless at least _________ of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted, because it may resemble a __________. This is called the ________ rule. (mayer)
two-thirds
wax replica
2/3
96
the ________ may be violated in some cases.
2/3 rule
97
not all restorative art involves________
wax
98
types of restorative art without wax
1. external cosmetics
| 2. internally (restorative chemicals w/ ACTIVE dyes)
99
______________is good to be included with permission to embalm
permission to restore
100
when preparing a wound using wax it must _________
be firm & dry
101
wounds must be ________ because you will be placing a substance and the surrounding structure should not ______
firm
| move
102
wounds should be ______because one component of wax is ________
dry
| petroleum (oil)
103
dismembered parts should ALWAYS be attached _________________.
after embalming
104
study of the structures and surface markings of the face and featuresa topography of the face
physiognomy
105
lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features
asymmetry
106
it is natural to be ________
asymetrical
107
the most common characteristic of each part of a feature (or face)
norm
108
one eye width is the same as_______
width of the nose
109
anthropological classification (pg. 12)
European
Asiatic
African
110
first people to practice any type of RA
egyptians
111
practice of reading faces
| Plato & Aristotle all wrote about the subject of facial meanings
Chinese & mediterranean
112
practice of reading faces originated in______
China
113
This era took low priority; little effort to restore
middle ages to early 19th century
114
restoration began at the end of ___________
the Civil War (civil war era)
115
done on their own initiativeno textbooksno instruction, cosmetics or instrumentstrial & error
Those that are considered pioneers in RA
116
early attempts and problems with RA
Plastic surgery (skin transplant)
Plaster of paris
Clay & putty
SoapWaxes
117
problems with skin transplant
skin dehydrated discoloration
118
problems with plaster of paris
draws moisture from surrounding tissues
119
problems with clay & putty
too dark & oily
| difficult to hide w/cosmetics
120
finally manufactures produced a practical substance to perform RA.influence of mortuary science schools in 1920's
Waxes
121
body erect with arms at the sides and palms forward
anatomical position
122
front (before)
anterior
123
toward back
posterior
124
top
superior
125
beneath (lower)
inferior
126
toward midline
medial line
127
toward sides (away from median line)
lateral
128
body planes are located on page
14
129
horizontal plane also called
transverse plane
130
frontal plane also called
coronal plane
131
median (medial) plane also calleddivides into right and left
sagittal plane
132
state of being deep
depth
133
hollow or shallow area
depression
134
area that sticks outState or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
protrusion
135
hollow depressed area
concave
136
outer segment of a circle
convex
137
line which is neither horizontal or verticalSlope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique
inclination
138
relating to, or having two sides
bilateral
139
dissimilarities noted when looking at two sides
bilateral differences
140
bilateral view of a person's silhouette
bilateral silhouette
141
a view of a person from the front
frontal aspect
142
a view of a person from the side
profile
143
a view of a person that is slightly turned
3 quarter view
144
additional terminology needed
frontal (anterior view)
margins (boundaries or edges)
oblique (slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular)
pyramid recession (recessed; withdraw from normal position)
sunken (commonly the eyes)
vertex (crown or topmost part)
145
requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill
major restoration
146
The funeral home can charge the family for RA if_____________
it is on the general price list/contract
147
Charging the family for RA is ____________.
up to the funeral home...not required
148
When discussing RA with a family be aware of___________
promises/time lines
149
Always make sure that the family has __________
clarity
150
requires a minimum of effort, skill or time to complete
minor restoration
151
types of minor restorations
```
tissue building (filler)
waxing (lips, razor burn, sutures, etc.)
bleaching/concealing discolorations
removal of fever blisters
minor hair replacement (parts of eyebrow, eyelash, etc.)
reducing swelling (non-surgical)
```
152
distinguishing characteristics not to be altered or concealed normally....
moles
warts
scars
birthmarks
153
note....
READ AND STUDY TERMS IN CHAPTERS 1 & 2
154
Bones of the head are divided into....
bones of the cranium
| bones of the face
155
geometric form of the "normal skull"
oval
156
the geometric from of the skull is determined from what views?
frontal & above
157
form varies from______________
person to person
158
why does form vary?
because of differences in width & length
159
note....
see page 12 for skull comparison of male, female, and infant
160
effects of tooth loss and
aging
161
bones of the external cranium
frontal (1)
occipital (1)
parietal (2)
temporal (2)
162
which bones are paired bones of the cranium
parietal
| temporal
163
anterior third of the cranium
frontal bone
164
surfaces of the frontal bone
1. vertical surface (forehead)
| 2. horizontal surface (crown)
165
eminences of the frontal bone
1. frontal eminence (2)
2. supraorbital margin (2)
3. superciliary arch (2) "eyebrow"
4. glabella
166
Rounded prominences on either side of the median line of the frontal bone. May be indistinct at times (unrecognizable) or continuous.
frontal eminence
167
superior rim of the eye sockets (2)
supraorbital margin
168
the supraorbital margin lies _________ regarding the superciliary arch.
inferior
169
on some individuals the supraorbital margin will be _________
prominent
| ex: Tommy Lee Jones
170
lies in the inferior part of the forehead just superior the medial ends of the eyebrows (the thicker part of an arched eyebrow)
superciliary arch
171
superciliary arch is normally more prominent in people with ___________
receding foreheads
172
Located between the superciliary arch. Located in the inferior part of the frontal bone. Considered to be at the root of the nose. (where a uni-brow grows)
glabella
173
when the glabella is very prominent it will make the root of the nose look very _______________
deep
174
the lowest part of the back and the base of the cranium. Forms a cradle for the brain.
occipital bone
175
distinctive features of the occipital bone
occipital protuberance
| foramen magnum
176
located at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone
occipital protuberance
177
opening in the occipital bone, the spinal cord passes thru it
foramen magnum
178
superior portion of the sides and the posterior 2/3 of the cranium
parietal bones
179
parietal eminences
convexity of the parietal bone
180
a measurement of one parietal eminence to another gives you the ______________________.
widest part of the cranium
181
where are the parietal eminences located?
above posterior border of the ears.
182
inferior portion of the sides and the base of the cranium
temporal bone
183
concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone.
temporal cavity
184
vertical portion of the temporal bone and is fairly thin (almost translucent) Scale like
squama
185
characteristics of the squama
thin almost translucent scale like
186
there are _______ anatomical structures of the temporal bone. Used for locating the modeled ear.
4
187
What are the anatomical structures of the temporal bones used to locate the modeled ear?
1. external auditory meatus
2. zygomatic arch
3. mandibular fossa
4. mastoid process
188
ear passage see glossary
external auditory meatus
189
extension of the zygomatic bonedivides the length of the ear in halfsee glossary
zygomatic arch
190
measurement of one zygomatic arch to the other gives you the.....
widest part of the face
191
where the condyle of the mandible articulates is anterior to the external auditor meatus
mandibular fossa
192
rounded portion most inferior portion of the temporal boneis posterior to the lobe of the ear (fatty inferior one third portion of the ear)sternoclydomastoid muscle attaches here
mastoid process
193
Character lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords of the neck, and dimples of the face
facial markings
194
facial markings in its purest form are caused by...
muscles
195
factors responsible for facial markings
1. Age
2. Heredity
3. Environment
4. Muscle striation & action
5. Position of the body
6. Condition of the body
196
rapid weight gain
corpulence
197
a hollow or shallow concave area in a surface
depression
198
(wrinkle) a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations
furrow
199
an elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface
groove
200
elongated prominence adjoining a surface
fold
201
a prominence or projections of a bone
eminence
202
shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin in a rounded or vertical form
dimple
203
a furrow, wrinkle, or groove
sulcus
204
classification of facial markings
natural acquired
205
those markings present at birth
natural facial markings
206
those markings developed throughout a lifetime
acquired facial markings
207
neither natural nor acquired facial markings which occur on both sides of the face are truly symmetrical
asymmetry of facial markings
208
the termination of all facial markings is
indefinite
209
physiognomy of natural facial markings
1. philtrum
2. nasolabial fold
3. nasal sulcus
4. oblique palpebral sulcus
5. angulus oris eminence
6. angulus oris sulcus
7. labial mental sulcus
8. submental suclus
9. dimbles
210
vertical groove on superior liplocated medially on the superior lipextends from the columna nasi & the margin of the red lip (superior etigment)forms an irregular parenthetical curve
philtrum
211
the greatest depth of the philtrum corresponds to...
its widest part
212
the philtrum can become __________ in very ______________________
obscuredold age
213
glossary
nasolabial fold
214
linear outline of the nasolabial fold
1. curved
2. straight
3. sinuous (backward S)
215
furrow is the same as...
wrinkle
216
physiognomy of acquired facial markings
1. nasolabial sulcus
2. transverse frontal sulci
3. interciliary sulci
4. optic facial sulci
5. superior palpebral sulcus
6. inferior palpebral sulcus
7. bucco-facial sulcus
8. mandible sulcus
9. labial sulci
10. platysmal sulci
11. cords of the neck
217
factors responsible for facial markings concerning conditions of the body...
1. Rapid weight loss
2. Pathological condition
3. Corpulence
4. Trauma
218
called an angular areaalong the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold.
nasal sulcus
219
at an angle...shallow curving groove below the medial corner of the eyelids.
oblique palpebral sulcus
220
revisit definition for...this is essential to facial expressionhard to see because it doesn't have definite borders
angulus oris eminence
221
the elevation is formed by the combined insertions of the...
1. zygomatic muscles
2. buccinator muscle
3. triangularis muscle
222
this accompanies the angulus oris eminence...
angulus oris sulcus
223
in youth the angulus oris sulcus tends to be...
triangular
224
the junction of the lower integementary lip and the superior border of the chinmay appear as a furrow...even in a child
labiomental sulcus
225
the highest point of the labiomental sulcus is...
along the midline
226
the submental furrow is also called the...
submental sulcus
227
immediately inferior to the mandible
submental furrow
228
junction of the base of the chin and the sub-mandibular area. may appear as a furrow and helps to create the double chin.
submental furrow
229
submental furrow is most noticeable from the...
profile view
230
almost always on a transverse plane with a line of closer of the mouth
dimples
231
elongated dimple on chin (cleft dimple) is always on the...
median line
232
chin dimples are typically more permanent than...
cheek dimples
233
furrow that is adjacent or medial to the nasolabial fold
nasolabial sulcus
234
caused by the continual contraction of the multiheaded quadratus labi superiorus muscle
nasolabial sulcus
235
horizontal furrows across the forehead
transverse frontal sulci
236
transverse frontal sulci vary in...
depthcurvatureinclination
237
transverse frontal sulci can be either...
continuous orinterrupted
238
the depth _____________ in transverse frontal sulci towards its end
diminishes
239
most common form of dip intransverse frontal sulci is at the...
central plane
240
transverse frontal sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the _________________
occipitofrontalis muscle
241
the two classifications of interciliary sulci
1. vertical
| 2. transverse
242
vertical or slightly oblique furrows that extend upward from the roof of the nose up into (or thru) the eyebrows
vertical interciliary sulci
243
the vertical interciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the
corrugator muscle
244
vertical interciliary sulci is also known as...
frowning furrows
245
transverse inteciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the
procerus muscle
246
furrows that run side to side between eyebrows
transverse interciliary sulci
247
furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye
optic facial sulci
248
optic facial sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the...
orbicularis oculi muscle
249
usually the ________ are the _____ acquired facial markings to appear
optic facial sulci
| first
250
Furrow on the superior border of the upper eyelid.Apparent when there is an absence of fatty tissue in that region and when the tissues are firm
superior palpebral sulcus
251
Furrow of the lower attached border of the inferior palpebral...the inferior eyelid
inferior palpebral sulcus
252
bags under the eyes...fullness found between the inferior palpebral sulcus & the oblique palpebral sulcus
infraorbital pouch
253
infraorbital pouch is also called
orbital pouch
254
vertical furrow of the cheek area
bucco-facial sulcus
255
see fig. 72 for examples of
bucco-facial sulcus
256
bucco-facial sulcus can sometimes join into the...
mandibular sulcus
257
furrow beneath the jawline that meets which rises
mandibular sulcus
258
multiple forms of mandibular sulci
serrated jawline
259
transverse dipping furrows of the neck...run across the front and sides of the neck
platysmal sulci
260
the vertical prominence of the neck is considered the
cords of the neck
261
cords of the neck are more prominent on...
thinner individuals
262
furrows of agevertical furrows that extend from the upper and lower red lip area (mucus membrane) into the integementary area...generally occur first in the upper lip.
labial sulci
263
labial sulci is also known as..
the furrows of age
264
external facial bones
1. nasal bones (2)
2. zygomatic bones (2)
3. maxilla (2)
4. mandible
265
Forms a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.Located directly inferior to the glabella
nasal bones
266
see glossary for definition
angle of inclination
267
orifice bonded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla
nasal cavity
268
diamond shaped bone of the cheek
zygomatic bone
269
might see zygomatic bone or zygomatic arch as being measured to get the....
widest part of the face
270
just underneath the zygomatic arch you will find the...
zygomatic depression
271
lies lateral to the portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch
zygomatic depression
272
made up by the frontal bone and the zygomatic bone
zygomatico frontal process
273
two fused bones that form skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the orbit (eye socket)
maxilla
274
maxilla is also called the...
upper jaw bone
275
sharp boney projection located medially along the inferior margin of the nasal cavity
nasal spine
276
a slip of skin partition that covers the nasal spine and separates the medial portion of the nostrils.most inferior part of the nose
columna nasi
277
processes of the maxilla
Alveolar process
Frontal process of the maxilla
Palatine Process
Dental Prognathism (buck teeth)
278
bony ridge that contains the tooth sockets
alveolar process
279
ascending part of the upper jaw
frontal process of the maxilla
280
horse shoe shaped single bone of the mouthlower jaw
mandible
281
2 main parts of the mandible
Body Ramus
282
horizontal portion of the mandible
body
283
corresponding vertical portion of the mandible
ramus
284
parts of the body of the mandible
mental eminence
incisive fossa
alveolar processes
285
parts of the ramus of the mandible
condyle
coronoid process
mandibular notch
286
Prominent eminence of the mandible
| Triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible
mental eminence
287
area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth
incisive fossa
288
the four teeth located anteriorly from the midline on each jaw; used for cutting
incisive teeth
289
rounded eminence at the articulating end of the bone
condyle
290
non articulating end of the bonethis is where the temporal muscle attaches
coronoid process
291
the depression located between the condyle and the coronoid process
mandibular notch
292
marks the widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face
angle of the mandible
293
a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible
angle of the mandible
294
widest part of the lower face
bi-mandibular
295
widest part of the head (cranium)
bi-parietal
296
widest part of the face
bi-zygomatic
297
other bones that are not surface bones....they are of less interest to (Alteri)
(cranium)
ethmoid bones
phenoid bone
(facial)
vomer bone
palantine bones
lacrimal bones
298
see pages 20 & 23 for
other bones that are not surface bones
299
muscle provides...
muscle bulk
contour effect
topographical surface form
300
continual muscle contraction leaves...
markings (wrinkles) on the face
301
wrinkles run ___________ to muscle fiber
transverse
302
wrinkles are more pronounced on ______
males
303
loss of muscle tone will cause__________
sagging of tissues
304
what bones make up margins of nasal cavity
nasal bone
| maxilla
305
area between mental eminence and area between incisor teeth
incisive fossa
306
What muscle attaches to the coronoid process?
temporal muscle
307
this can play a part in moving muscle tissue inferiorly verses posteriorly
gravitational pull
308
environmenthereditycan all play a part in...
loss of muscle tone
309
the point of muscle attachment which moves the leastThe beginning of muscle contraction
origin
310
the point of muscle attachment which moves the most (greatest) amount.
insertion
311
muscles of the cranium
Occipitofrontalis Muscle (1)
masseter muscle
temporalis muscle
312
Muscle that draws the scalp posteriorly and inferiorly and raises the eyebrows. Thin sheeth located between the occipital and frontal bones.
Occipitofrontalis Muscle
313
Occipitofrontalis Muscle is also known as...
epicranius
314
parts of Occipitofrontalis Muscle
occipitalis
| frontalis
315
the frontalis is also called...
the frontal belly
316
the occipitalis is also called...
the occipital belly
317
The effects of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle on Surface Form
1. When contracted it raises eyebrows
| 2. Continual contraction forms Transverse Frontal Sulci
318
wrinkles (lines) that run across the front of the forehead
transverse frontal sulci
319
Transverse frontal sulci is what type of facial marking?
Acquired
320
Name the types of Muscles of Mastication
1. Temporalis (2)
| 2. Masseter (2)
321
broad fan shaped muscle located along the temporal bone.fairly thin
temporalis muscle
322
the purpose of the temporalis muscle...
closes mandible mastication
| some side-to-side movement
323
what is the strongest chewing muscle (muscle of mastication)?
temporalis muscle
324
temporalis muscle effect on surface form...
provides SOME bulk to the temporal cavity
325
the temporalis muscle overlies what muscle?
squamous muscle
326
masseter muscle effect on surface form
provides bulk to the side of the cheek
327
function of masseter muscle is...
mastication
| closes the mandible
328
this muscle is not the strongest of the chewing muscles
masseter muscle
329
Located in bucal area (cheek area)Begins below the Zygomatic Arch and extends to the angle of the mandible. (along side of the face)
masseter muscle
330
muscles of facial expression
1. Muscles of the eye
2. Muscles of the nose
3. Muscles of the mouth
331
muscles of the EYE that control facial expression
1. Orbicularis Oculi
2. Corrugator
3. Levator Palpebrae Superioris
332
TRUE sphincter muscle that surrounds the eye socket...closes the eyelids and compresses the lacrimal sac
orbicularis oculi
333
functions of the orbicularis oculi
1. closes the eyelid when contracted
| 2. compresses the lacrimal sac
334
if the lacrimal sac is compressed it produces...
tears
335
the size, area, and function allows the orbicularis oculi effect on surface form to be...
optic facial sulci (crows feet...obligue wrinkles)
336
optic facial sulci is also known as...
crows feet
337
crows feet is also known as ...
oblique muscles
338
crows feet is what type of wrinkle?
acquired
339
corrugator is also known as...
frowning muscle
340
The corrugator muscle is what shape?
pyramid
341
the function of the corrugator muscle.
draw the eyebrow downward & medially when contracted
342
located toward the medial end of the eyebrowruns from root of the nose to upper rim of eye socket (oblique)
corrugator muscle
343
corrugator muscle effect on surface form
vertical interciliary sulci
344
a ferlow located between the eyebrows (wrinkles)
vertical interciliary sulci
345
function of the levator palpebrae superioris
lifts (raises or elevates) the upper eyelid
346
eyelid is called
palpebrae
347
upper eyelid is called
palpebrae superioris
348
levator means...
lift or raise
349
the levator palpebrae superioris effect on surface form...
palpebral fold (occurs with age)
350
located along inferior margin of the upper eyelid
superior tarsus
351
located along the superior margin of the lower eyeliddoes not have as much vertical dimension as its superior counterpart
inferior tarsus
352
the degree from vertical at which the surface(s) of a prominent feature projects.
angle of projection
353
slope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique
inclination
354
buck teeth
Dental Prognathism
355
a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the Maxilla and the superior surface of the Mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.
alveolar process
356
the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone; the ascending process of the upper jaw.
frontal process of the maxilla
357
muscle of facial expression which depresses the angle (corner) of the mouth
TRIANGULARIS
358
TRIANGULARIS is also known as
Depressor Angulus Oris
359
The triangularis effect on surface form
forms the Angulus Oris Eminence
360
muscles of the mouth & anterior cheek
1. Quadratus Labii Superioris
2. Levator Anguli Oris
3. Risorius
4. Depressor Labii Inferioris
5. Mentalis
361
Three muscles that make up the Quadratus Labii Superioris
1. Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
2. Levator Labii Superioris
3. Zygomaticus Minor
362
multi headed muscle (3 heads plus muscle itself)...large and extends from the cheek bone in lower rim of eye socket and serves to raise the upper lip
Quadratus Labii Superioris
363
elevates or raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
364
helps to elevate and extend the upper lip
Levator Labii Superioris
365
Draws the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly...however, text and other sources suggest "superiorly and laterally" ******DEFINITION IS QUOTATIONS IS WHAT ALTERI WANTS US TO KNOW.
Zygomaticus Minor
366
function of the Quadratus Labii Superioris
serves to raise the upper lip..."sneer"<----Elvis face
367
furrow lying medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold; ACQUIRED
nasolabial sulcus
368
Quadratus Labii Superioris effect on surface form
nasolabial sulcus
369
acquired and can accompany the nasolabial fold
nasolabial sulcus
370
located beneath the Quadratus Labii Superioris muscle and in the region of the canine teeth.
Levator Anguli Oris
371
function of the Levator Anguli Oris
to elevate the angle of the mouth
372
the Levator Anguli Oris effect on surface form
nasolabial fold
373
nasolabial fold is what type of process
natural
374
false smile muscle
Risorius
375
function of the risorius
retracts the angle of the mouth
376
textbook says it draws angle of mouth posteriorly, but Alteri says..."narrow superficial band of muscle which pulls the angle of the mouth outward or laterally."
Risorius
377
The depressor labii inferioris muscle is also known as
quadratus muscle
378
Risorius muscle has no noticeable effect on...
surface form
379
Function of the depressor labii inferioris
depresses the lower lip...moves it inferiorly and SLIGHTLY laterally
380
a single muscle located on the chin...elevates and protrudes the inferior (lower) lip
mentalis muscle
381
helps to temporarily wrinkle the skin over the chin area
mentalis muscle
382
the mentalis muscle effect on surface form
provides anterior (bulk) projection of the chin
383
anterior projection of the chin
mental eminence
384
and elongated dimple chin is called...
cleft chin
385
elongated dimple
cleft
386
if the cleft on chin runs under the chin...giving appearance of two lobes...
bilobated chin
387
a depression in the chin is called..
chin dimple
388
muscles of the neck
1. Platysma
2. Sternocleidomastoid
3. Digastricus
389
location and points of attachment
platysma
390
fills up the space in the neck...depresses mandible & lower lip
platysma
391
The platysma effect on surface form
1. Bucco-facial Sulcus
2. Mandibular Sulcus
3. Serrated Jawline
4. Platysmal Sulci
392
get definition of all of the surface form platysma
effects
393
helps to rotate head, depress, & lower the head.
sternocleidomastoid muscle
394
the measurement from one BELLY OF THE sternocleidomastoid to another gives the...
widest part of the neck
395
double bellied muscle which draws the hyoid bone superiorly
Digastricus
396
the hyoid bone does not...
articulate with another bone (free floating bone)
397
function of the digastricus is to
help manipulate the tongue
398
the effect on surface form of the Digastricus
cords of the neck
399
processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face
zygomatic arch
400
one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch
zygomatic arch depression
401
muscle responsible for raising the upper eyelid
levator palpebrae superioris
402
muscle responsible for creating the philtrum...this is its effect on surface form
orbicularis oris
403
principle muscle of the cheek which compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth
buccinator
404
muscle draws the scalp posteriorly and raises the eyebrows when contracted
occipitofrontalis
405
furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye
optic facial sulci
406
SMALL convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth
angulus oris eminence
407
what type of marking is the angulus oris eminence
natural
408
muscles of the nose
procerus muscle
409
narrow elongated muscle, this muscle covers the bridge of the nose, located on the nasal bones up to the forehead
procerus muscle
410
its function is to draw skin downward (inferiorly)
procerus muscle
411
procerus muscle effect on surface form
transverse interciliary sulci
412
muscles of the mouth
1. orbicularis oris
2. zygomaticus major
3. buccinator
4. triangularis
413
the mouth is known as...
the center of expression
414
this muscle is known at the Puckering Muscle
orbicularis oris
415
flat band of muscles in the upper and lower red lips and integumentary lips
orbicularis oris
416
function of the orbicularis oris
closes and puckers the lips
compresses lips against teeth
shapes lips during speech
417
a NATURAL facial marking...the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip
philtrum
418
muscles converging at the mouth corners
zygomaticus major
419
zygomaticus major is also known as...
laughing muscle
420
extends from the cheekbone to angle of the mouth
zygomaticus major
421
function is the corner of mouth is raised when this muscle contracts...draws the upper lip posteriorly , superiorly, and laterally as in smiling or laughing
zygomaticus major
422
zygomaticus major effect on surface form
angulus oris eminence
423
effects of buccinator on surface form
multiple effects...
helps form angulus oris eminence
bucco-facial sulcus forms lateral wall of cheek
424
vertical furrow of the cheek...ACQUIRED FACIAL MARKING
BUCCO=FACIAL SULCUS
425
Use _____ plastic or wood splints (dowels) or _________ rods that are approximately ___ -____ inches long that are _______________ to reattach the head
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3
metal
8
12
sharpened
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