4 Cytology (Lecture)

Question 1

How many cells does an adult human have

Answer 1

about 75 trillion

Question 2

What is the first cell of every organism

Answer 2

zygote

Question 3

Living cells are always surrounded by

Answer 3

interstial fluid

Question 4

Cilia

Answer 4

fingers that move material around the surface of the cell

Question 5

Flagella

Answer 5

single long thread like structure that moves cell (sperm)

Question 6

Centrioles

Answer 6

moves chromosomes during cell division Organization of microtubules (looks like ziti pasta)

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

RNA plus protiens; fixed ribosomes bound to rough endoplamic reticulum, free ribosomes scattered in cytoplasam
protien synthesis binds to endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Inclusions

Answer 8

Temporary organelle Food particle appears and disappears

Question 9

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Maze looking intracellular storage and transport
Rough ER modifies and packages newely synthesized protiens.
Smooth ER synthesizes lipid and carbohydrates

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers.

Storage alteration an packaging of secretory products and lysomal enzymes

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Protiens organized in fine filaments or slender tubes.

Strencth and support movement of cellular structures and materials

Question 12

Mytochondria

Answer 12

ATP factory

Question 13

Vacuole

Answer 13

Contain some kind of liquid

IE: fat cell large vacule

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

DNA that is unwound or Relaxed

Question 15

Chromosomes

Answer 15

DNA that is super coiled

Question 16

Microvilli

Answer 16

fingers on cilia

Question 17

Membrane proteins Channels

Answer 17

form passage way so matMembrane protiensrial can get in or out of a cell

Question 18

Membrane proteins Recognition

Answer 18

Identify what kind of cell antigen

Question 19

Membrane proteins Support

Answer 19

the cytoskeleton

Question 20

Membrane proteins Receptors

Answer 20

A protein that reacts to a chemical signal

Question 21

Membrane proteins Cell attachment

Answer 21

ember proteins that form tissues

Question 22

Tight junction resists leaking

Answer 22

When membrane proteins form 2 different cells band together. IE cells of the stomach

Question 23

Desmosomes (resist stretching)

Answer 23

Cytoskeleton projects outside the cell 2 cytoskeletons tie together. IE lots of desmosomes in the skin

Question 24

Gap junction (communication)

Answer 24

Membrane proteins band together and form a channel between 2 cells IE Heart muscles

Question 25

Passive movement

Answer 25

no ATP is used by the cell

Question 26

Diffusion

Answer 26

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration

Question 27

Filtration

Answer 27

movement of molecules under pressure

Question 28

Active transport

Answer 28

Requires the cell to use ATP

Question 29

Endocytosis (consuming)

Answer 29

Move a large amount of material into the cell

Question 30

Exocytosis (secretion)

Answer 30

Move a large volume out of the cell IE hormones

Question 31

Transcytosis (passage)

Answer 31

this is endocytosis followed by exocytosis. this is how material pass through a cell.

Question 32

Interphase

Answer 32

a cell that is no reproducing

Question 33

G1

Answer 33

when the cell is recovering from its fist cell division.

Question 34

S

Answer 34

when cells duplicate their DNA

Question 35

G2

Answer 35

when the cell duplicates it organelles

Question 36

XXX Stages of Mitosis (know in order)

Answer 36

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 37

Prophase

Answer 37

nucleus disappears DNA begins to super coil

Question 38

Metaphase

Answer 38

duplicated chromosomes line up in the center of the cell (centrioles connect to chromosomes)

Question 39

Anaphase

Answer 39

the centriolles pull the duplicated chromosomes apart. the cell beings to pull apart.

Question 40

Telophase

Answer 40

Chromosomes begin to unwind nucleus reappears

Question 41

Cytokinesis

Answer 41

the cell beginning to split

Question 42

significance of mitosis (repair)

Answer 42

growth of new cells

Question 43

significance of mitosis (neoplasm)

Answer 43

new cell growth

Question 44

slow growth mitosis

Answer 44

Benign

Question 45

rapid growth mitosis

Answer 45

Malignant

Question 46

smooth surface

Answer 46

Benign

Question 47

Hard and irregular (stone like)

Answer 47

Malignant

Question 48

Noninvasive does not disturb neighbors

Answer 48

Benign

Question 49

Invasive consumes neighbors

Answer 49

Malignant

Question 50

Adherence stick together

Answer 50

Benign

Question 51

Metastasis cell spread

Answer 51

Malignant