16 Respiratory System (Lecture)

Question 1

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 1

gas exchange between atomosphere and lungs

Question 2

Pulmonary exchange

Answer 2

exchange of gases between the lungs and blood

Question 3

systemic exchange

Answer 3

occurs at capillaries all over the body O2 in CO2 out

Question 4

• Regulate pH

Answer 4

pH always does the opposite of what CO2 is doing. CO2 rises pH falls and vica versa

Question 5

respiratory system enables

Answer 5

vocal communication

Question 6

mucous production is what type of mechanism

Answer 6

defense

Question 7

where is the upper respiratory tract

Answer 7

from nose to larnyx

Question 8

where is the lower respiratory tract

Answer 8

larynx to bronchioles

Question 9

conduction zone

Answer 9

conducts air into the alveoli. no gas exchange in conduction zone.

Question 10

respiratory zone

Answer 10

lung tissue that contains pulmonary capillaires this is where gas exchange occurs.

Question 11

hyline cartilage plates

Answer 11

dorsum nasi

Question 12

what holds the nose open

Answer 12

external nares

Question 13

transition zone of nasal vestibule

Answer 13

stratum corneum to mucosa on inside of nose

Question 14

Why does your nose run when you cry

Answer 14

tears run into the lacrimonasal canal

Question 15

hard palate

Answer 15

maxilla and palatine bone

Question 16

soft palate

Answer 16

smooth muscle covered by mucous memebrane

Question 17

bones of nasal superior boarder

Answer 17

sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal

Question 18

Nasal septum

Answer 18

seperates R & L nostril

Question 19

The conchea or turbinates

Answer 19

3 ridges superior, middle, inferior

Question 20

Internal nares

Answer 20

back of the nasal cavity

Question 21

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 21

(maxillary sinuses), above the eyes (frontal sinuses), between the eyes (ethmoidal sinuses), and behind the ethmoids (sphenoidal sinuses)

Question 22

The Pharynx begins ___________. and extends to ________?

Answer 22

internal nares and the tip of the uvula

Question 23

Nasopharnx begins ___________ and exttends to __________? For ___________ to pass only.

Answer 23

internal nares and the tip of the uvula

air only no food

Question 24

Oropharnyx begins _________ and extends to ___________?

Answer 24

uvula to hyoid bone

Question 25

Laryngopharynx begins _________ and extends to __________? For __________ to pass.

Answer 25

hyoid bone to bottom of larnynx | food and air

Question 26

epiglottis

Answer 26

moveable cartilage covers airway when you swallow

Question 27

glottis

Answer 27

opening to trachea

Question 28

vocal folds (true)

Answer 28

vocal cords produce speech

Question 29

vestibular folds (false)

Answer 29

don't produce speech. closes throat

Question 30

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 30

encircicles the trachea holds open

Question 31

arytenoid cartilages

Answer 31

posterior side

Question 32

corniculate cartilages

Answer 32

tips or arytenoids

Question 33

first part of lower respiratory tract

Answer 33

Trachea

Question 34

Inner most layer of the trachea

Answer 34

mucosa

Question 35

what type of cells are found in mucosa

Answer 35

goblet cells make mucous and stem cells make new mucosa

Question 36

what is found in the submucosa

Answer 36

smooth muscle and serous glands

Question 37

Adventitia

Answer 37

rings of catilage

Question 38

carina

Answer 38

last tracheal cartilage contains sensory structures. responsible for deep coughing

Question 39

Primary bronchi

Answer 39

split off of trachea and enter lungs

Question 40

Hilus

Answer 40

the point where the bronchi enter lungs

Question 41

Lobar bronchi

Answer 41

also secondary bronchi

Question 42

lobes how many and where

Answer 42

3 on the right 2 on the left

Question 43

bronchi in order

Answer 43

primary secondary teritary bronchioles

Question 44

Pulmonary capillaries

Answer 44

surrond the outside of lung tissue

Question 45

The alveoli contain what type of cells

Answer 45

simple squamous epithelia that make up lung tissue goblet cells mucus making cells septal cells secrete surfactant (holds lungs open)

Question 46

Alveolar macrophage

Answer 46

each alveoli has its own macrophage

Question 47

Right lung

Answer 47

3 lobes, horizontal fissure seperates superior lobe from middle lobe, oblique fissure seperates middle lobe from inferior lobe

Question 48

Lung fissures

Answer 48

bands of tendons that seperate the lobes

Question 49

Left lung

Answer 49

2 lobes, cardiac notch where heat sits (indent)

Question 50

Lingula

Answer 50

part of lung that sticks out under the cardiac notch

Question 51

* Pleural membranes

Answer 51

serous membranes

Question 52

Parietal membranes

Answer 52

attach to chest wall

Question 53

Visceral membrane

Answer 53

attaches to the surface of the lungs

Question 54

What is between the parietal and visceral membranes

Answer 54

a thin layer of fluid

Question 55

Diaphragm controls?

Answer 55

normal resting breathing

Question 56

Diaphragm

Answer 56

muscle that expands the lungs

Question 57

Inspiration occurs...

Answer 57

when the diaphragm contracts

Question 58

Exhilation occurs...

Answer 58

when the diaphragm relaxes

Question 59

muscles that control forceful inhilationn

Answer 59

ext. intercostals, scalenes, and ext. obliques

Question 60

muscles that control forceful exhilation

Answer 60

int. intercostals, rectus abdominis

Question 61

Pons

Answer 61

can alter breathing rate

Question 62

Medulla

Answer 62

normal resting breathing rate control it through the phrenic nerve

Question 63

higher brain

Answer 63

cortex involved in breathing because you can choose to breath or not

Question 64

pneumonitis

Answer 64

pneumonia

Question 65

carbon monoxide

Answer 65

odorless colorless gas that binds irriversible with hemoglobin. make hemoglobin unable to carry O2

Question 66

*Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 66

the pH of the blood is rising beyond normal. CO2 down pH up.

Question 67

*Hyperventilation

Answer 67

decreases CO2 in the blood causes pH to rise. Breath in a bag to increase CO2.

Question 68

*Respiratory acidosis

Answer 68

the pH of the blood is falling CO2 is rising

Question 69

*shallow breathing

Answer 69

due to stroke in the medulla can result in respiratory acidosis.