5 Histology (Lecture) Flashcards by Amy Krumm

Histology

a group of similar or identical cells that work together

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Four primary tissues

Epithelium, Connective, Muscle Nerve

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XXX Functions of Epithelium

Protective barrier against the external enviromnent IE skin digestive tract, urinary, respiratory, reproductive.

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Narrow spaces - no spaces between cells

Epithelium

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Regenerate continuosley replace themselves. Normally fast dividing cells

Epithelium

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What type of cells are avascular

Epithelial

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Absorbtion What ever gets into the body comes in through

Epithelium

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XXX Faces out the external environment

Apical surface of Epithelium

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Faces internal surface

Basal surface of Epithelium

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Protein fibers that connect all the epithelial cells to the body

Basement membrane of Epithelium

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What are glands made out of

Epithelium

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Cell layers (simple)

one cell layer thick

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Cell layers (stratified)

2 or more cell layers thick

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Cell shape (squamous)

thin and flat (fried egg)

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Cell shape (cuboidal)

cube shaped

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Cell shape (clumnar)

colum shaped

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State layer then shape

simple squamous

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Pseudostratified Epithelium

Psuedo stratified columnar. these epthilium always have cilia

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Transitional epithelium

can change shape found in bladder and uterus

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Endocrine glands

secrete chemicals into blood stream

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Exocrine glands

secrete into a duct

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Merocrine (eccrine)

they secrete by exocytosis

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Apocrine

mammary shed large pieces of the cell

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Holocrine

oil glands when they release material the explode

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Connective tissue (unattached cells)

there is always space between cells

Connective tissue (matrix)

The material that fills the space between cells

Connective tissue (divide slowly)

sometimes they won't divide unless there has been an injury. Bone is slow Skin is fast

Connective tissue (protects________& connects ________

organs and structures (muscle to bone)

Connective tissue (transports materials)

Blood is classified as a connective tissue

Connective tissue (defends the body)

WBC are connective

Connective tissue (store energy)

fat cells are connective

Adipocytes

lipid cells

osteoblasts

bone cells

chondroblasts

cartilidge cells

***XXX Fibroblasts

protien fiber making cells

***XXX Collagen fibers

thick and strong and flexable not elastic

***Elastin fibers

stretchy

Reticular fibers

delecate and highly branching filers found between organs

Wandering cells

these cells articulate around the body

Hematopoietic cells

WBC & RBC

Loose connective tissue (areolar)

few fibers nonparallel

Loose connective tissue (adipose tissue)

a few protein

Loose connective tissue (reticular)

found inside organs

Dense connective tissue (Regular)

all parrallel (tendons 2 directions)

Dense connective tissue (Irregular)

not parrallel (gives strength in many directions) IE skin

Fluid connective tissue

Blood when and injury happens the clot is connective

Cartilage

serves as a model for bone

XXX Joints (Hyaline cartilage)

contains cartilage that is surrounded by a gel

Ear (elastic cartilage)

contains elastin fibers

Disc (fibro catilage)

contains collogen

Osseous tissue

bone tissue

Keratinized tough, dead layer avascular

skin (cutaneous membrane)

Mucin protein, nonkeratinized, never a dead layer

mucous membrane

found around moving parts reduces friction Parietal layer and visceral layer

Serous membrane

Parietal layer

always attached to the wall of the body

Visceral layer

Always attached to the moving organ

usally contains no epithelial cells located around freely moving parts

synovial membrane

What is the only kind of tissue that contracts when it is stimulated

muscle

XXX What type of muscle is Long and Multinucleated

Skeletal striated muscle or muscle fibers

What type of muscle is volentary

Skeletal striated muscle or muscle fibers

What type of muscle moves bone and skin

Skeletal striated muscle or muscle fibers

What type of muscle is controlled by the CNS

Skeletal striated muscle or muscle fibers

What type of muscle is involentary, branching, intercalated discs, and rhythmic

cardiac muscle

What type of muscle is involentary, non-striated, encircles tubes, slow contract, and regenerates

smooth muscle

what type of tissue communicates electrchemically

nerves

XXX What type of tissues DONT divide when mature 7-8 years

Nerveous

Neuroglia

protect and support nerve cells Reproduce through out your life

What is a dendrite

shor numerous projections. Recieve chemical signals and convert them to elctrical signals

Soma

This is where the nuclous is

Axon

electrical transmitter

synaptic terminal

swelling at the tips of axons. Store chemicals that nerve cells communicate with

NTR

neurtotransmitter